1. Introduction
প্রিয় শিক্ষার্থী, আজ আমরা ইংরেজি ব্যাকরণের খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বিষয় শিখব—Auxiliary Verbs (সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া)। Auxiliary Verb মানে সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া। এরা মূল Verb-কে সাহায্য করে বাক্যের tense, negative, interrogative ইত্যাদি গঠনে। যেমন:
- I am eating rice. – আমি ভাত খাচ্ছি। (am = auxiliary, eating = main verb)
- Do you like tea? – তুমি কি চা পছন্দ করো? (Do = auxiliary)
- She has finished her work. – সে তার কাজ শেষ করেছে। (has = auxiliary)
এই ক্লাসে তোমরা Be, Do, Have—এই তিনটি basic auxiliary verb, তাদের রূপ, ব্যবহার, tense অনুযায়ী positive, negative, interrogative বাক্য, ধাপে ধাপে বড় বাক্য তৈরি, phrasal verb এবং মজার exercise শিখবে।
Hello, kids! Welcome to ToLearnTeam.com. Today’s topic is Basic Auxiliary Verbs in Details. You will learn about Be, Do, Have, their forms, how to use them in positive, negative, and interrogative sentences, how to build longer sentences step by step, and practice with fun exercises.
2. Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
- Understand what an Auxiliary Verb is.
- Identify the three basic auxiliaries: Be, Do, Have.
- Use the correct forms: am, is, are, was, were, do, does, did, have, has, had.
- Make Positive, Negative, and Interrogative sentences in Present, Past, and Future tenses.
- Understand the difference between auxiliary and main verb.
- Build longer sentences by adding extra objects, places, and time.
- Learn 30 daily life sentences with Bangla meaning and pronunciation.
- Practice with fun exercises.
3. What are Auxiliary Verbs?
An Auxiliary Verb (সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া) is a helping verb. It helps the main verb to form tenses, negatives, questions, and voices. Auxiliary verbs do not carry meaning alone; they support the main verb.
Examples:
| Sentence | Auxiliary Verb | Main Verb | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| I am eating rice. | am | eating | আমি ভাত খাচ্ছি। |
| She is reading a book. | is | reading | সে একটি বই পড়ছে। |
| They are playing. | are | playing | তারা খেলছে। |
| Do you like tea? | Do | like | তুমি কি চা পছন্দ করো? |
| He does not play. | does | play | সে খেলে না। |
| She has finished. | has | finished | সে শেষ করেছে। |
| I have eaten. | have | eaten | আমি খেয়েছি। |
| We had gone. | had | gone | আমরা গিয়েছিলাম। |
Important:
- Auxiliary verbs help the main verb.
- They change form according to tense and subject.
- The three basic auxiliaries are Be, Do, Have.
4. Types of Basic Auxiliary Verbs: Be, Do, Have
There are three primary auxiliary verbs in English.
4.1 Be (হওয়া/আছ)
Be is used to form continuous tenses and passive voice. It can also be a main verb meaning “to be”.
| Form | Use | Example | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| am | Present, I | I am a student. | আমি একজন ছাত্র। |
| is | Present, he/she/it | She is happy. | সে খুশি। |
| are | Present, you/we/they | They are friends. | তারা বন্ধু। |
| was | Past, I/he/she/it | He was tired. | সে ক্লান্ত ছিল। |
| were | Past, you/we/they | They were at school. | তারা স্কুলে ছিল। |
| being | Continuous/passive | He is being kind. | সে দয়ালু হচ্ছে। |
| been | Perfect/passive | I have been there. | আমি সেখানে গিয়েছি। |
Examples with Be as Auxiliary:
| Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| I am eating rice. | আমি ভাত খাচ্ছি। |
| She is reading a book. | সে একটি বই পড়ছে। |
| They are playing football. | তারা ফুটবল খেলছে। |
| He was sleeping. | সে ঘুমাচ্ছিল। |
| We were watching TV. | আমরা টিভি দেখছিলাম। |
| It is made of wood. | এটি কাঠ দিয়ে তৈরি। |
4.2 Do (করা)
Do is used to make negative and interrogative sentences in Present Simple and Past Simple. It can also be a main verb.
| Form | Use | Example | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| do | Present, I/you/we/they | I do not like tea. | আমি চা পছন্দ করি না। |
| does | Present, he/she/it | She does not play. | সে খেলে না। |
| did | Past, all subjects | He did not come. | সে আসেনি। |
Examples with Do as Auxiliary:
| Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| Do you like mangoes? | তুমি কি আম পছন্দ করো? |
| Does he play cricket? | সে কি ক্রিকেট খেলে? |
| Did you go to school? | তুমি কি স্কুলে গিয়েছিলে? |
| I do not eat rice. | আমি ভাত খাই না। |
| She does not sing. | সে গান গায় না। |
| They did not come. | তারা আসেনি। |
4.3 Have (থাকা/আছে)
Have is used to form perfect tenses. It can also be a main verb meaning possession.
| Form | Use | Example | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| have | Present, I/you/we/they | I have a book. | আমার একটি বই আছে। |
| has | Present, he/she/it | She has a pen. | তার একটি কলম আছে। |
| had | Past, all subjects | He had a toy. | তার একটি খেলনা ছিল। |
Examples with Have as Auxiliary:
| Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| I have eaten rice. | আমি ভাত খেয়েছি। |
| She has finished her work. | সে তার কাজ শেষ করেছে। |
| They have gone home. | তারা বাড়ি গেছে। |
| He had left before I came. | আমি আসার আগে সে চলে গিয়েছিল। |
| We have seen this movie. | আমরা এই সিনেমা দেখেছি। |
5. Forms of Auxiliary Verbs
Here is a complete table of basic auxiliary verb forms.
| Auxiliary | Present Singular | Present Plural | Past Singular | Past Plural | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Be | am (I), is (he/she/it) | are | was (I/he/she/it) | were | been |
| Do | do (I/you/we/they), does (he/she/it) | do | did | did | done |
| Have | have (I/you/we/they), has (he/she/it) | have | had | had | had |
6. Tense-wise Positive, Negative, Interrogative with Auxiliary Verbs
Here you will learn how to make Positive (+), Negative (–), and Interrogative (?) sentences using auxiliary verbs in different tenses.
Present Simple Tense
Use do/does for negative and question.
| Type | Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Question | Do you eat rice? | তুমি কি ভাত খাও? |
| Positive Answer | I eat rice. | আমি ভাত খাই। |
| Negative Answer | I do not eat rice. | আমি ভাত খাই না। |
Word-by-word meaning and pronunciation:
| Word | Part | Bangla Meaning | Pronunciation (Bangla) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Do | Auxiliary Verb | সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া | ডু |
| you | Subject Pronoun | তুমি | ইউ |
| eat | Main Verb | খাওয়া | ইট |
| rice | Noun (Object) | ভাত | রাইস |
| I | Subject Pronoun | আমি | আই |
| do | Auxiliary Verb | সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া | ডু |
| not | Adverb | না | নট |
Past Simple Tense
Use did for negative and question.
| Type | Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Question | Did you play football? | তুমি কি ফুটবল খেলেছিলে? |
| Positive Answer | I played football. | আমি ফুটবল খেলেছিলাম। |
| Negative Answer | I did not play football. | আমি ফুটবল খেলিনি। |
Word-by-word meaning and pronunciation:
| Word | Part | Bangla Meaning | Pronunciation (Bangla) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Did | Auxiliary Verb (Past) | সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া | ডিড |
| you | Subject Pronoun | তুমি | ইউ |
| play | Main Verb | খেলা | প্লে |
| football | Noun (Object) | ফুটবল | ফুটবল |
| I | Subject Pronoun | আমি | আই |
| played | Main Verb (Past) | খেলেছিলাম | প্লেড |
| did | Auxiliary Verb | সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া | ডিড |
| not | Adverb | না | নট |
Future Simple Tense
Use will as auxiliary.
| Type | Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Question | Will you come tomorrow? | তুমি কি আগামীকাল আসবে? |
| Positive Answer | I will come tomorrow. | আমি আগামীকাল আসব। |
| Negative Answer | I will not come tomorrow. | আমি আগামীকাল আসব না। |
Word-by-word meaning and pronunciation:
| Word | Part | Bangla Meaning | Pronunciation (Bangla) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Will | Auxiliary Verb (Future) | সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া | উইল |
| you | Subject Pronoun | তুমি | ইউ |
| come | Main Verb | আসা | কাম |
| tomorrow | Adverb | আগামীকাল | টুমরো |
| I | Subject Pronoun | আমি | আই |
| will | Auxiliary Verb | সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া | উইল |
| not | Adverb | না | নট |
Present Continuous Tense
Use am/is/are + verb + ing.
| Type | Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Question | Are you reading a book? | তুমি কি একটি বই পড়ছ? |
| Positive Answer | I am reading a book. | আমি একটি বই পড়ছি। |
| Negative Answer | I am not reading a book. | আমি একটি বই পড়ছি না। |
Word-by-word meaning and pronunciation:
| Word | Part | Bangla Meaning | Pronunciation (Bangla) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Are | Auxiliary Verb | সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া | আর |
| you | Subject Pronoun | তুমি | ইউ |
| reading | Main Verb (ing) | পড়ছ | রিডিং |
| a | Article | একটি | আ |
| book | Noun (Object) | বই | বুক |
| I | Subject Pronoun | আমি | আই |
| am | Auxiliary Verb | সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া | অ্যাম |
| not | Adverb | না | নট |
Past Continuous Tense
Use was/were + verb + ing.
| Type | Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Question | Was she singing a song? | সে কি একটি গান গাইছিল? |
| Positive Answer | She was singing a song. | সে একটি গান গাইছিল। |
| Negative Answer | She was not singing a song. | সে একটি গান গাইছিল না। |
Present Perfect Tense
Use have/has + past participle.
| Type | Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Question | Have you eaten rice? | তুমি কি ভাত খেয়েছ? |
| Positive Answer | I have eaten rice. | আমি ভাত খেয়েছি। |
| Negative Answer | I have not eaten rice. | আমি ভাত খাইনি। |
Word-by-word meaning and pronunciation:
| Word | Part | Bangla Meaning | Pronunciation (Bangla) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Have | Auxiliary Verb | সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া | হ্যাভ |
| you | Subject Pronoun | তুমি | ইউ |
| eaten | Main Verb (Past Participle) | খেয়েছ | ইটেন |
| rice | Noun (Object) | ভাত | রাইস |
| I | Subject Pronoun | আমি | আই |
| have | Auxiliary Verb | সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া | হ্যাভ |
| not | Adverb | না | নট |
Past Perfect Tense
Use had + past participle.
| Type | Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Question | Had you eaten before I came? | আমি আসার আগে তুমি কি খেয়েছিলে? |
| Positive Answer | I had eaten before you came. | তুমি আসার আগে আমি খেয়েছিলাম। |
| Negative Answer | I had not eaten before you came. | তুমি আসার আগে আমি খাইনি। |
7. 30 Daily Life Sentences with Auxiliary Verbs
Here are 30 daily life sentences using basic auxiliary verbs. Each sentence has Bangla meaning and identifies the auxiliary verb.
| # | Sentence | Auxiliary Verb | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I am reading a book. | am | আমি একটি বই পড়ছি। |
| 2 | She is eating rice. | is | সে ভাত খাচ্ছে। |
| 3 | He is playing football. | is | সে ফুটবল খেলছে। |
| 4 | They are watching TV. | are | তারা টিভি দেখছে। |
| 5 | We are drinking milk. | are | আমরা দুধ পান করছি। |
| 6 | The cat is sleeping. | is | বিড়ালটি ঘুমাচ্ছে। |
| 7 | I was walking to school. | was | আমি স্কুলে হেঁটে যাচ্ছিলাম। |
| 8 | She was singing a song. | was | সে একটি গান গাইছিল। |
| 9 | They were playing cricket. | were | তারা ক্রিকেট খেলছিল। |
| 10 | Do you like ice cream? | Do | তুমি কি আইসক্রিম পছন্দ করো? |
| 11 | Does he go to school? | Does | সে কি স্কুলে যায়? |
| 12 | Do they play football? | Do | তারা কি ফুটবল খেলে? |
| 13 | I do not eat brinjal. | do | আমি বেগুন খাই না। |
| 14 | She does not like tea. | does | সে চা পছন্দ করে না। |
| 15 | He did not come yesterday. | did | সে গতকাল আসেনি। |
| 16 | Did you finish your homework? | Did | তুমি কি তোমার বাড়ির কাজ শেষ করেছ? |
| 17 | I have eaten rice. | have | আমি ভাত খেয়েছি। |
| 18 | She has done her work. | has | সে তার কাজ করেছে। |
| 19 | They have gone to school. | have | তারা স্কুলে গেছে। |
| 20 | He has bought a new toy. | has | সে একটি নতুন খেলনা কিনেছে। |
| 21 | We had played before sunset. | had | আমরা সূর্যাস্তের আগে খেলেছিলাম। |
| 22 | I will go to the market. | will | আমি বাজারে যাব। |
| 23 | She will sing a song. | will | সে একটি গান গাইবে। |
| 24 | Will you help me? | Will | তুমি কি আমাকে সাহায্য করবে? |
| 25 | I am not feeling well. | am | আমি ভালো অনুভব করছি না। |
| 26 | Are you ready? | Are | তুমি কি প্রস্তুত? |
| 27 | Was he at home? | Was | সে কি বাড়িতে ছিল? |
| 28 | Have you seen this movie? | Have | তুমি কি এই সিনেমা দেখেছ? |
| 29 | Does your mother cook food? | Does | তোমার মা কি খাবার রান্না করেন? |
| 30 | Did they call you? | Did | তারা কি তোমাকে ডেকেছিল? |
8. Word Power: Meaning & Bangla Pronunciation
Here is a list of important auxiliary verbs and related words.
| English Word | Part of Speech | Bangla Meaning | Pronunciation (Bangla) |
|---|---|---|---|
| am | Auxiliary Verb | আছি/হয় | অ্যাম |
| is | Auxiliary Verb | আছে/হয় | ইজ |
| are | Auxiliary Verb | আছ/হয় | আর |
| was | Auxiliary Verb | ছিল (I/he/she/it) | ওয়াজ |
| were | Auxiliary Verb | ছিল (you/we/they) | ওয়্যার |
| do | Auxiliary Verb | করা (সাহায্যকারী) | ডু |
| does | Auxiliary Verb | করে (সাহায্যকারী) | ডাজ |
| did | Auxiliary Verb | করেছিল (সাহায্যকারী) | ডিড |
| have | Auxiliary Verb | আছে/করেছে | হ্যাভ |
| has | Auxiliary Verb | আছে/করেছে | হ্যাজ |
| had | Auxiliary Verb | ছিল/করেছিল | হ্যাড |
| will | Auxiliary Verb (Future) | সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া (ভবিষ্যৎ) | উইল |
| can | Modal Auxiliary | পারা | ক্যান |
| may | Modal Auxiliary | পারা/অনুমতি | মে |
| must | Modal Auxiliary | অবশ্যই | মাস্ট |
| should | Modal Auxiliary | উচিত | শুড |
| reading | Main Verb (ing) | পড়া | রিডিং |
| eating | Main Verb (ing) | খাওয়া | ইটিং |
| playing | Main Verb (ing) | খেলা | প্লেয়িং |
| watching | Main Verb (ing) | দেখা | ওয়াচিং |
| drinking | Main Verb (ing) | পান করা | ড্রিংকিং |
| sleeping | Main Verb (ing) | ঘুমানো | স্লিপিং |
| singing | Main Verb (ing) | গান গাওয়া | সিংগিং |
| walking | Main Verb (ing) | হাঁটা | ওয়াকিং |
| eaten | Past Participle | খেয়েছে | ইটেন |
| done | Past Participle | করেছে | ডান |
| gone | Past Participle | গেছে | গন |
| bought | Past Participle | কিনেছে | বট |
| seen | Past Participle | দেখেছে | সিন |
| come | Main Verb | আসা | কাম |
| go | Main Verb | যাওয়া | গো |
| play | Main Verb | খেলা | প্লে |
| like | Main Verb | পছন্দ করা | লাইক |
| help | Main Verb | সাহায্য করা | হেল্প |
| homework | Noun | বাড়ির কাজ | হোমওয়ার্ক |
| school | Noun | স্কুল | স্কুল |
| market | Noun | বাজার | মার্কেট |
| song | Noun | গান | সং |
| movie | Noun | সিনেমা | মুভি |
| book | Noun | বই | বুক |
| rice | Noun | ভাত | রাইস |
| milk | Noun | দুধ | মিল্ক |
| not | Adverb | না | নট |
9. Phrasal Verbs with Auxiliary Verbs
Phrasal verbs combine with auxiliary verbs. Here are useful phrasal verbs with example sentences.
| Phrasal Verb | Bangla Meaning | Example Sentence with Auxiliary | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| wake up | ঘুম থেকে ওঠা | I am waking up now. | আমি এখন ঘুম থেকে উঠছি। |
| wake up | ঘুম থেকে ওঠা | Do you wake up early? | তুমি কি তাড়াতাড়ি ঘুম থেকে ওঠো? |
| wake up | ঘুম থেকে ওঠা | She has woken up late. | সে দেরিতে ঘুম থেকে উঠেছে। |
| sit down | বসা | Please sit down. | দয়া করে বসো। |
| stand up | দাঁড়ানো | He is standing up. | সে দাঁড়াচ্ছে। |
| put on | পরা | She is putting on her shoes. | সে তার জুতা পরছে। |
| take off | খোলা | He has taken off his hat. | সে তার টুপি খুলেছে। |
| turn on | চালু করা | Do you turn on the fan? | তুমি কি ফ্যান চালু করো? |
| turn off | বন্ধ করা | She does not turn off the TV. | সে টিভি বন্ধ করে না। |
| look for | খোঁজা | I am looking for my pencil. | আমি আমার পেন্সিল খুঁজছি। |
| look after | যত্ন নেওয়া | She has looked after her brother. | সে তার ভাইয়ের যত্ন নিয়েছে। |
| pick up | কুড়িয়ে নেওয়া | He did not pick up the ball. | সে বলটি কুড়িয়ে নেয়নি। |
| clean up | পরিষ্কার করা | We are cleaning up the room. | আমরা ঘর পরিষ্কার করছি। |
| give up | ছেড়ে দেওয়া | She has given up junk food. | সে জাঙ্ক ফুড ছেড়ে দিয়েছে। |
| come back | ফিরে আসা | Will you come back soon? | তুমি কি শীঘ্রই ফিরে আসবে? |
10. Make Sentences Larger Step by Step
Kids can make sentences larger by adding extra objects, places, time, and company. Here are step-by-step examples using auxiliaries.
Example 1: Build “I am eating rice.”
| Step | Sentence | What is Added | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I am eating rice. | S + Auxiliary + Verb + Object | আমি ভাত খাচ্ছি। |
| 2 | I am eating rice and fish. | Extra object | আমি ভাত ও মাছ খাচ্ছি। |
| 3 | I am eating rice and fish at noon. | Time | আমি দুপুরে ভাত ও মাছ খাচ্ছি। |
| 4 | I am eating rice and fish at noon in the kitchen. | Place | আমি দুপুরে রান্নাঘরে ভাত ও মাছ খাচ্ছি। |
| 5 | I am eating rice and fish at noon in the kitchen with my family. | Company | আমি দুপুরে রান্নাঘরে আমার পরিবারের সঙ্গে ভাত ও মাছ খাচ্ছি। |
Word-by-word meaning for Step 5:
| Word | Bangla Meaning | Pronunciation (Bangla) |
|---|---|---|
| I | আমি | আই |
| am | আছি (auxiliary) | অ্যাম |
| eating | খাচ্ছি | ইটিং |
| rice | ভাত | রাইস |
| and | এবং | অ্যান্ড |
| fish | মাছ | ফিশ |
| at | এ/তে | অ্যাট |
| noon | দুপুর | নুন |
| in | এ/তে | ইন |
| the | টি | দি |
| kitchen | রান্নাঘর | কিচেন |
| with | সঙ্গে | উইথ |
| my | আমার | মাই |
| family | পরিবার | ফ্যামিলি |
Example 2: Build “Do you like tea?”
| Step | Sentence | What is Added | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Do you like tea? | Auxiliary + Subject + Verb + Object | তুমি কি চা পছন্দ করো? |
| 2 | Do you like hot tea? | Adjective | তুমি কি গরম চা পছন্দ করো? |
| 3 | Do you like hot tea in the morning? | Time | তুমি কি সকালে গরম চা পছন্দ করো? |
| 4 | Do you like hot tea in the morning with breakfast? | Company | তুমি কি সকালে নাস্তার সঙ্গে গরম চা পছন্দ করো? |
| 5 | Do you like hot tea in the morning with breakfast at home? | Place | তুমি কি সকালে বাড়িতে নাস্তার সঙ্গে গরম চা পছন্দ করো? |
Example 3: Build “She has eaten rice.”
| Step | Sentence | What is Added | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She has eaten rice. | S + Auxiliary + Verb + Object | সে ভাত খেয়েছে। |
| 2 | She has eaten rice and curry. | Extra object | সে ভাত ও তরকারি খেয়েছে। |
| 3 | She has eaten rice and curry at school. | Place | সে স্কুলে ভাত ও তরকারি খেয়েছে। |
| 4 | She has eaten rice and curry at school during lunch. | Time | সে দুপুরের খাবারের সময় স্কুলে ভাত ও তরকারি খেয়েছে। |
| 5 | She has eaten rice and curry at school during lunch with her friends. | Company | সে দুপুরের খাবারের সময় স্কুলে তার বন্ধুদের সঙ্গে ভাত ও তরকারি খেয়েছে। |
Example 4: Build “He did not play football.”
| Step | Sentence | What is Added | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He did not play football. | S + Auxiliary + not + Verb + Object | সে ফুটবল খেলেনি। |
| 2 | He did not play football yesterday. | Time | সে গতকাল ফুটবল খেলেনি। |
| 3 | He did not play football yesterday in the field. | Place | সে গতকাল মাঠে ফুটবল খেলেনি। |
| 4 | He did not play football yesterday in the field with his friends. | Company | সে গতকাল মাঠে তার বন্ধুদের সঙ্গে ফুটবল খেলেনি। |
| 5 | He did not play football yesterday in the big field with his friends because it was raining. | Reason clause | বৃষ্টি হওয়ায় সে গতকাল বড় মাঠে তার বন্ধুদের সঙ্গে ফুটবল খেলেনি। |
11. Negative and WH Question Examples
Negative Sentences
| Positive | Negative | Auxiliary Used | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| I am reading. | I am not reading. | am | আমি পড়ছি না। |
| She is singing. | She is not singing. | is | সে গান গাইছে না। |
| They are playing. | They are not playing. | are | তারা খেলছে না। |
| I eat rice. | I do not eat rice. | do | আমি ভাত খাই না। |
| She plays football. | She does not play football. | does | সে ফুটবল খেলে না। |
| They went home. | They did not go home. | did | তারা বাড়ি যায়নি। |
| I have eaten. | I have not eaten. | have | আমি খাইনি। |
| She has finished. | She has not finished. | has | সে শেষ করেনি। |
| He will come. | He will not come. | will | সে আসবে না। |
WH Questions
| WH Question | Auxiliary Verb | Bangla Meaning | Answer |
|---|---|---|---|
| What are you doing? | are | তুমি কী করছ? | I am reading a book. |
| Where is she going? | is | সে কোথায় যাচ্ছে? | She is going to school. |
| When do you wake up? | do | তুমি কখন ঘুম থেকে ওঠো? | I wake up at 6. |
| Why does he cry? | does | সে কেন কাঁদে? | He cries because he is sad. |
| How did you make it? | did | তুমি এটি কীভাবে বানিয়েছিলে? | I made it with paper. |
| What have you eaten? | have | তুমি কী খেয়েছ? | I have eaten rice. |
| Who has finished the work? | has | কে কাজটি শেষ করেছে? | Rahim has finished. |
| Will you come tomorrow? | will | তুমি কি আগামীকাল আসবে? | Yes, I will. |
12. Exercise Section
Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks with Correct Auxiliary Verb
Fill in with am, is, are, was, were, do, does, did, have, has, had, will.
- I ______ reading a book.
- She ______ singing a song.
- They ______ playing football.
- ______ you like tea?
- He ______ not play cricket.
- ______ they go to school yesterday?
- I ______ eaten rice.
- She ______ finished her work.
- We ______ going to the park.
- He ______ come tomorrow.
Exercise 2: Identify the Auxiliary Verb
| Sentence | Auxiliary Verb |
|---|---|
| I am eating rice. | |
| She is reading a book. | |
| They were playing. | |
| Do you like mangoes? | |
| He does not sing. | |
| Did you go? | |
| I have eaten. | |
| She has finished. |
Exercise 3: Change Positive to Negative and Question
| Positive | Negative | Question |
|---|---|---|
| I am reading. | ||
| She eats rice. | ||
| They played football. | ||
| He will come. | ||
| I have eaten. |
Exercise 4: Make Sentences Larger Step by Step
Start with “I am eating rice.” and add words step by step.
Example: I am eating rice. → I am eating rice and fish. → I am eating rice and fish at noon. → I am eating rice and fish at noon in the kitchen.
Now try with “Do you like tea?”
Exercise 5: Match the Phrasal Verbs
| Phrasal Verb | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| 1. wake up | a. বন্ধ করা |
| 2. turn on | b. খোঁজা |
| 3. put on | c. ঘুম থেকে ওঠা |
| 4. look for | d. চালু করা |
| 5. turn off | e. পরা |
Exercise 6: Write Your Own
Write 5 sentences using auxiliary verbs (am, is, are, do, does, did, have, has, will). Underline the auxiliary verb.
13. Answer Key
Exercise 1
- am
- is
- are
- Do
- does
- Did
- have
- has
- are
- will
Exercise 2
| Sentence | Auxiliary Verb |
|---|---|
| I am eating rice. | am |
| She is reading a book. | is |
| They were playing. | were |
| Do you like mangoes? | Do |
| He does not sing. | does |
| Did you go? | Did |
| I have eaten. | have |
| She has finished. | has |
Exercise 3
| Positive | Negative | Question |
|---|---|---|
| I am reading. | I am not reading. | Are you reading? |
| She eats rice. | She does not eat rice. | Does she eat rice? |
| They played football. | They did not play football. | Did they play football? |
| He will come. | He will not come. | Will he come? |
| I have eaten. | I have not eaten. | Have you eaten? |
Exercise 4
(Student’s own answer. Example: Do you like tea? → Do you like hot tea? → Do you like hot tea in the morning? → Do you like hot tea in the morning with breakfast?)
Exercise 5
1 → c
2 → d
3 → e
4 → b
5 → a
Exercise 6
(Student’s own answer.)
14. Conclusion
Great job, kids! Today you learned about Basic Auxiliary Verbs in Details. You know the three basic auxiliaries: Be, Do, Have, their forms, and how to use them to make positive, negative, and interrogative sentences. You practiced different tenses, built longer sentences step by step, and learned useful phrasal verbs.
Remember:
- Be (am/is/are/was/were) helps make continuous tenses.
- Do (do/does/did) helps make negatives and questions in simple tenses.
- Have (have/has/had) helps make perfect tenses.
- Will helps make future tense.
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