প্রিয় শিক্ষার্থী, আজ আমরা ইংরেজি ব্যাকরণের একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয় শিখব—Active and Passive Voice (কর্তৃবাচ্য ও কর্মবাচ্য)। Active Voice-এ Subject নিজে কাজ করে। Passive Voice-এ Object-কে Subject বানিয়ে কাজটি বোঝানো হয়। যেমন:
Active: I eat rice. – আমি ভাত খাই।
Passive: Rice is eaten by me. – ভাত আমার দ্বারা খাওয়া হয়।
Active: She reads a book. – সে একটি বই পড়ে।
Passive: A book is read by her. – একটি বই তার দ্বারা পড়া হয়।
এই ক্লাসে তোমরা Active ও Passive Voice-এর গঠন, নিয়ম, tense অনুযায়ী positive, negative, interrogative বাক্য, ধাপে ধাপে বড় বাক্য তৈরি, phrasal verb এবং মজার exercise শিখবে।
Hello, kids! Welcome to ToLearnTeam.com. Today’s topic is Active and Passive Voice. You will learn how to change sentences from active to passive and passive to active, use different tenses, make positive, negative, and interrogative sentences, build longer sentences step by step, and practice with fun exercises.
2. Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
Understand the difference between Active Voice and Passive Voice.
Identify subject and object in sentences.
Change Active to Passive and Passive to Active in Present, Past, and Future tenses.
Make Positive, Negative, and Interrogative sentences in passive voice.
Use by correctly in passive sentences.
Build longer sentences by adding objects and extensions.
Learn 30 daily life active-passive examples with Bangla meaning and pronunciation.
Practice with fun exercises.
3. What is Voice?
Voice (বাচ্য) tells us whether the subject does the action or receives the action.
Voice
Bangla Name
Meaning
Example
Active Voice
কর্তৃবাচ্য
Subject does the action
I eat rice.
Passive Voice
কর্মবাচ্য
Subject receives the action
Rice is eaten by me.
Important:
Active Voice focuses on the doer.
Passive Voice focuses on the action/receiver.
4. Active Voice vs Passive Voice
Feature
Active Voice
Passive Voice
Subject
Doer of action
Receiver of action
Focus
Who does the action
What happens / on whom
Verb form
Normal verb
be + past participle (V3)
Example
She sings a song.
A song is sung by her.
Examples:
Active
Passive
Bangla Meaning
He plays football.
Football is played by him.
তার দ্বারা ফুটবল খেলা হয়।
She cooks food.
Food is cooked by her.
তার দ্বারা খাবার রান্না করা হয়।
They watch TV.
TV is watched by them.
তাদের দ্বারা টিভি দেখা হয়।
5. Rules for Changing Active to Passive
Follow these steps to change Active to Passive:
Identify the Subject, Verb, and Object of the active sentence.
Move the Object to the beginning as the new Subject.
Use the correct form of be according to the tense and new subject.
Change the main verb to past participle (V3).
Add by + original subject (optional).
Example:
Active: I eat rice.
Subject = I, Verb = eat, Object = rice
Passive: Rice is eaten by me.
New Subject = Rice
be = is (present simple, singular)
V3 = eaten
by + me
6. Structure of Passive Voice in Different Tenses
Here are passive structures for common tenses.
Tense
Active Structure
Passive Structure
Example (Passive)
Present Indefinite
Sub + base verb (+s/es) + Obj
Obj + am/is/are + V3 + by Sub
Rice is eaten by me.
Past Indefinite
Sub + V2 + Obj
Obj + was/were + V3 + by Sub
Rice was eaten by me.
Future Indefinite
Sub + will + base verb + Obj
Obj + will be + V3 + by Sub
Rice will be eaten by me.
Present Continuous
Sub + am/is/are + verb+ing + Obj
Obj + am/is/are being + V3 + by Sub
Rice is being eaten by me.
Past Continuous
Sub + was/were + verb+ing + Obj
Obj + was/were being + V3 + by Sub
Rice was being eaten by me.
Present Perfect
Sub + have/has + V3 + Obj
Obj + have/has been + V3 + by Sub
Rice has been eaten by me.
Past Perfect
Sub + had + V3 + Obj
Obj + had been + V3 + by Sub
Rice had been eaten by me.
Future Perfect
Sub + will have + V3 + Obj
Obj + will have been + V3 + by Sub
Rice will have been eaten by me.
7. Positive, Negative, Interrogative in Active and Passive
Present Indefinite Tense
Type
Active
Passive
Positive
I eat rice.
Rice is eaten by me.
Negative
I do not eat rice.
Rice is not eaten by me.
Interrogative
Do I eat rice?
Is rice eaten by me?
Negative Interrogative
Don’t I eat rice?
Isn’t rice eaten by me?
Word-by-word meaning for “Rice is eaten by me”:
Word
Bangla Meaning
Pronunciation (Bangla)
Rice
ভাত
রাইস
is
হয় (auxiliary)
ইজ
eaten
খাওয়া হয় (V3)
ইটেন
by
দ্বারা
বাই
me
আমার
মি
Past Indefinite Tense
Type
Active
Passive
Positive
She sang a song.
A song was sung by her.
Negative
She did not sing a song.
A song was not sung by her.
Interrogative
Did she sing a song?
Was a song sung by her?
Future Indefinite Tense
Type
Active
Passive
Positive
He will play football.
Football will be played by him.
Negative
He will not play football.
Football will not be played by him.
Interrogative
Will he play football?
Will football be played by him?
Present Continuous Tense
Type
Active
Passive
Positive
She is reading a book.
A book is being read by her.
Negative
She is not reading a book.
A book is not being read by her.
Interrogative
Is she reading a book?
Is a book being read by her?
Present Perfect Tense
Type
Active
Passive
Positive
They have watched TV.
TV has been watched by them.
Negative
They have not watched TV.
TV has not been watched by them.
Interrogative
Have they watched TV?
Has TV been watched by them?
8. 30 Daily Life Examples (Active and Passive Pair)
Here are 30 daily life examples. Each shows Active and Passive with Bangla meaning.
#
Active Voice
Passive Voice
Bangla Meaning
1
I eat rice.
Rice is eaten by me.
আমার দ্বারা ভাত খাওয়া হয়।
2
She reads a book.
A book is read by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি বই পড়া হয়।
3
He plays football.
Football is played by him.
তার দ্বারা ফুটবল খেলা হয়।
4
We drink milk.
Milk is drunk by us.
আমাদের দ্বারা দুধ পান করা হয়।
5
They watch TV.
TV is watched by them.
তাদের দ্বারা টিভি দেখা হয়।
6
My mother cooks food.
Food is cooked by my mother.
আমার মায়ের দ্বারা খাবার রান্না করা হয়।
7
My father reads newspaper.
Newspaper is read by my father.
আমার বাবার দ্বারা খবরের কাগজ পড়া হয়।
8
The cat drinks milk.
Milk is drunk by the cat.
বিড়ালটির দ্বারা দুধ পান করা হয়।
9
The dog chases the cat.
The cat is chased by the dog.
কুকুরটির দ্বারা বিড়ালটি তাড়া করা হয়।
10
She sings a song.
A song is sung by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি গান গাওয়া হয়।
11
He writes a letter.
A letter is written by him.
তার দ্বারা একটি চিঠি লেখা হয়।
12
They clean the house.
The house is cleaned by them.
তাদের দ্বারা ঘর পরিষ্কার করা হয়।
13
I ate rice.
Rice was eaten by me.
আমার দ্বারা ভাত খাওয়া হয়েছিল।
14
She read a book.
A book was read by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি বই পড়া হয়েছিল।
15
He played football.
Football was played by him.
তার দ্বারা ফুটবল খেলা হয়েছিল।
16
We drank milk.
Milk was drunk by us.
আমাদের দ্বারা দুধ পান করা হয়েছিল।
17
They watched TV.
TV was watched by them.
তাদের দ্বারা টিভি দেখা হয়েছিল।
18
She sang a song.
A song was sung by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি গান গাওয়া হয়েছিল।
19
I will eat rice.
Rice will be eaten by me.
আমার দ্বারা ভাত খাওয়া হবে।
20
She will read a book.
A book will be read by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি বই পড়া হবে।
21
He will play football.
Football will be played by him.
তার দ্বারা ফুটবল খেলা হবে।
22
They will clean the house.
The house will be cleaned by them.
তাদের দ্বারা ঘর পরিষ্কার করা হবে।
23
I am eating rice.
Rice is being eaten by me.
আমার দ্বারা ভাত খাওয়া হচ্ছে।
24
She is singing a song.
A song is being sung by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি গান গাওয়া হচ্ছে।
25
He was playing football.
Football was being played by him.
তার দ্বারা ফুটবল খেলা হচ্ছিল।
26
I have eaten rice.
Rice has been eaten by me.
আমার দ্বারা ভাত খাওয়া হয়েছে।
27
She has read a book.
A book has been read by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি বই পড়া হয়েছে।
28
They had watched TV.
TV had been watched by them.
তাদের দ্বারা টিভি দেখা হয়েছিল (আগে)।
29
My mother cooks delicious food.
Delicious food is cooked by my mother.
আমার মায়ের দ্বারা সুস্বাদু খাবার রান্না করা হয়।
30
The teacher speaks English.
English is spoken by the teacher.
শিক্ষকের দ্বারা ইংরেজি বলা হয়।
9. Word Power: Meaning & Bangla Pronunciation
Here is vocabulary related to Active and Passive Voice.
English Word
Part of Speech
Bangla Meaning
Pronunciation (Bangla)
active
Adjective
সক্রিয়/কর্তৃ
অ্যাক্টিভ
passive
Adjective
নিষ্ক্রিয়/কর্ম
প্যাসিভ
voice
Noun
বাচ্য
ভয়েস
subject
Noun
কর্তা
সাবজেক্ট
object
Noun
কর্ম
অবজেক্ট
by
Preposition
দ্বারা
বাই
am
Auxiliary Verb
আছি
অ্যাম
is
Auxiliary Verb
হয়
ইজ
are
Auxiliary Verb
হয়
আর
was
Auxiliary Verb
হয়েছিল
ওয়াজ
were
Auxiliary Verb
হয়েছিল
ওয়্যার
will be
Auxiliary Phrase
হবে
উইল বি
being
Auxiliary Verb
হচ্ছে
বিয়িং
been
Auxiliary Verb
হয়েছে
বিন
eaten
Verb (V3)
খাওয়া হয়েছে
ইটেন
drunk
Verb (V3)
পান করা হয়েছে
ড্রাংক
played
Verb (V3)
খেলা হয়েছে
প্লেড
read
Verb (V3)
পড়া হয়েছে
রেড
sung
Verb (V3)
গাওয়া হয়েছে
সাং
cooked
Verb (V3)
রান্না করা হয়েছে
কুকড
watched
Verb (V3)
দেখা হয়েছে
ওয়াচড
written
Verb (V3)
লেখা হয়েছে
রিটেন
cleaned
Verb (V3)
পরিষ্কার করা হয়েছে
ক্লিনড
chased
Verb (V3)
তাড়া করা হয়েছে
চেসড
spoken
Verb (V3)
বলা হয়েছে
স্পোকেন
made
Verb (V3)
বানানো হয়েছে
মেড
given
Verb (V3)
দেওয়া হয়েছে
গিভেন
taken
Verb (V3)
নেওয়া হয়েছে
টেকেন
broken
Verb (V3)
ভাঙা হয়েছে
ব্রোকেন
doer
Noun
কর্তা
ডুয়ার
action
Noun
কাজ
অ্যাকশন
receiver
Noun
গ্রহীতা
রিসিভার
voice change
Noun Phrase
বাচ্য পরিবর্তন
ভয়েস চেঞ্জ
positive
Adjective
ইতিবাচক
পজিটিভ
negative
Adjective
নেতিবাচক
নেগেটিভ
interrogative
Adjective
প্রশ্নবোধক
ইন্টারোগেটিভ
rice
Noun
ভাত
রাইস
book
Noun
বই
বুক
football
Noun
ফুটবল
ফুটবল
milk
Noun
দুধ
মিল্ক
TV
Noun
টিভি
টিভি
song
Noun
গান
সং
letter
Noun
চিঠি
লেটার
house
Noun
ঘর
হাউস
newspaper
Noun
খবরের কাগজ
নিউজপেপার
food
Noun
খাবার
ফুড
English
Noun
ইংরেজি
ইংলিশ
10. Phrasal Verbs with Passive Voice
Phrasal verbs can also be used in passive voice. Here are useful examples.
Phrasal Verb
Bangla Meaning
Active
Passive
turn on
চালু করা
He turned on the fan.
The fan was turned on by him.
turn off
বন্ধ করা
She turned off the TV.
The TV was turned off by her.
put on
পরা
He put on his shoes.
His shoes were put on by him.
take off
খোলা
She took off her coat.
Her coat was taken off by her.
pick up
কুড়িয়ে নেওয়া
He picked up the ball.
The ball was picked up by him.
clean up
পরিষ্কার করা
They cleaned up the room.
The room was cleaned up by them.
look after
যত্ন নেওয়া
She looks after her brother.
Her brother is looked after by her.
look for
খোঁজা
He is looking for his pen.
His pen is being looked for by him.
give up
ছেড়ে দেওয়া
She gave up junk food.
Junk food was given up by her.
throw away
ফেলে দেওয়া
He threw away the paper.
The paper was thrown away by him.
find out
খুঁজে বের করা
They found out the answer.
The answer was found out by them.
hand in
জমা দেওয়া
I handed in my homework.
My homework was handed in by me.
wake up
ঘুম থেকে জাগানো
Mother wakes up the children.
The children are woken up by mother.
send back
ফেরত পাঠানো
She sent back the gift.
The gift was sent back by her.
write down
লিখে রাখা
He wrote down the notes.
The notes were written down by him.
11. Make Sentences Larger Step by Step
Kids can make passive sentences larger by adding extra objects, places, time, and company.
Example 1: Build Active “I eat rice” and Passive
Step
Active
Passive
What is Added
Bangla Meaning
1
I eat rice.
Rice is eaten by me.
Basic
আমার দ্বারা ভাত খাওয়া হয়।
2
I eat rice and fish.
Rice and fish are eaten by me.
Extra object
আমার দ্বারা ভাত ও মাছ খাওয়া হয়।
3
I eat rice and fish at noon.
Rice and fish are eaten by me at noon.
Time
দুপুরে আমার দ্বারা ভাত ও মাছ খাওয়া হয়।
4
I eat rice and fish at noon in the kitchen.
Rice and fish are eaten by me at noon in the kitchen.
Place
দুপুরে রান্নাঘরে আমার দ্বারা ভাত ও মাছ খাওয়া হয়।
5
I eat rice and fish at noon in the kitchen with my family.
Rice and fish are eaten by me at noon in the kitchen with my family.
Company
দুপুরে রান্নাঘরে আমার পরিবারের সঙ্গে আমার দ্বারা ভাত ও মাছ খাওয়া হয়।
Word-by-word meaning for Step 5 Passive:
Word
Bangla Meaning
Pronunciation (Bangla)
Rice
ভাত
রাইস
and
এবং
অ্যান্ড
fish
মাছ
ফিশ
are
হয় (auxiliary)
আর
eaten
খাওয়া হয় (V3)
ইটেন
by
দ্বারা
বাই
me
আমার
মি
at
এ/তে
অ্যাট
noon
দুপুর
নুন
in
এ/তে
ইন
the
টি
দি
kitchen
রান্নাঘর
কিচেন
with
সঙ্গে
উইথ
my
আমার
মাই
family
পরিবার
ফ্যামিলি
Example 2: Build Active “She reads a book”
Step
Active
Passive
Bangla Meaning
1
She reads a book.
A book is read by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি বই পড়া হয়।
2
She reads a storybook.
A storybook is read by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি গল্পের বই পড়া হয়।
3
She reads an interesting storybook.
An interesting storybook is read by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি মজার গল্পের বই পড়া হয়।
4
She reads an interesting storybook at night.
An interesting storybook is read by her at night.
রাতে তার দ্বারা একটি মজার গল্পের বই পড়া হয়।
5
She reads an interesting storybook at night in her room.
An interesting storybook is read by her at night in her room.
রাতে তার ঘরে তার দ্বারা একটি মজার গল্পের বই পড়া হয়।
Example 3: Build Active “He will play football”
Step
Active
Passive
Bangla Meaning
1
He will play football.
Football will be played by him.
তার দ্বারা ফুটবল খেলা হবে।
2
He will play football tomorrow.
Football will be played by him tomorrow.
আগামীকাল তার দ্বারা ফুটবল খেলা হবে।
3
He will play football tomorrow in the field.
Football will be played by him tomorrow in the field.
আগামীকাল মাঠে তার দ্বারা ফুটবল খেলা হবে।
4
He will play football tomorrow in the big field.
Football will be played by him tomorrow in the big field.
আগামীকাল বড় মাঠে তার দ্বারা ফুটবল খেলা হবে।
5
He will play football tomorrow in the big field with his friends.
Football will be played by him tomorrow in the big field with his friends.
আগামীকাল বড় মাঠে তার বন্ধুদের সঙ্গে তার দ্বারা ফুটবল খেলা হবে।
12. Negative and WH Question Examples
Negative Sentences in Active and Passive
Tense
Active Negative
Passive Negative
Bangla Meaning
Present
I do not eat rice.
Rice is not eaten by me.
আমার দ্বারা ভাত খাওয়া হয় না।
Past
She did not sing a song.
A song was not sung by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি গান গাওয়া হয়নি।
Future
He will not play football.
Football will not be played by him.
তার দ্বারা ফুটবল খেলা হবে না।
Present Continuous
She is not reading a book.
A book is not being read by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি বই পড়া হচ্ছে না।
Present Perfect
They have not watched TV.
TV has not been watched by them.
তাদের দ্বারা টিভি দেখা হয়নি।
Interrogative Sentences in Active and Passive
Tense
Active Question
Passive Question
Bangla Meaning
Present
Do you eat rice?
Is rice eaten by you?
তোমার দ্বারা কি ভাত খাওয়া হয়?
Past
Did she sing a song?
Was a song sung by her?
তার দ্বারা কি একটি গান গাওয়া হয়েছিল?
Future
Will he play football?
Will football be played by him?
তার দ্বারা কি ফুটবল খেলা হবে?
Present Continuous
Is she reading a book?
Is a book being read by her?
তার দ্বারা কি একটি বই পড়া হচ্ছে?
Present Perfect
Have they watched TV?
Has TV been watched by them?
তাদের দ্বারা কি টিভি দেখা হয়েছে?
WH Questions in Passive
WH Question (Active)
WH Question (Passive)
Bangla Meaning
Who ate the rice?
By whom was the rice eaten?
কার দ্বারা ভাত খাওয়া হয়েছিল?
What did she read?
What was read by her?
তার দ্বারা কী পড়া হয়েছিল?
Where did they play?
Where was football played by them?
তাদের দ্বারা কোথায় ফুটবল খেলা হয়েছিল?
When will he write the letter?
When will the letter be written by him?
তার দ্বারা চিঠিটি কখন লেখা হবে?
How did she cook food?
How was food cooked by her?
তার দ্বারা খাবার কীভাবে রান্না করা হয়েছিল?
13. Exercise Section
Exercise 1: Identify Active or Passive Voice
Write Active or Passive for each sentence.
Sentence
Voice
I eat rice.
Rice is eaten by me.
She sings a song.
A song is sung by her.
They watched TV.
TV was watched by them.
He will play football.
Football will be played by him.
Exercise 2: Change Active to Passive
Active
Passive
I eat rice.
She reads a book.
He played football.
They will watch TV.
She is singing a song.
I have eaten rice.
Exercise 3: Change Passive to Active
Passive
Active
Rice is eaten by me.
A book was read by her.
Football will be played by him.
A song is being sung by her.
TV has been watched by them.
Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks with Correct Be Verb (am/is/are/was/were/been/being/will be)
Rice ______ eaten by me.
A book ______ read by her yesterday.
Football ______ played by him tomorrow.
A song is ______ sung by her.
TV has ______ watched by them.
Exercise 5: Make Sentences Larger Step by Step
Start with “I eat rice.” and add words step by step, then change to passive. Example: I eat rice. → I eat rice and fish. → Rice and fish are eaten by me. → I eat rice and fish at noon. → Rice and fish are eaten by me at noon. Now try with “She reads a book.”
Exercise 6: Write Your Own
Write 5 active sentences and change them to passive voice. Underline the subject in active and object in passive.
14. Answer Key
Exercise 1
Sentence
Voice
I eat rice.
Active
Rice is eaten by me.
Passive
She sings a song.
Active
A song is sung by her.
Passive
They watched TV.
Active
TV was watched by them.
Passive
He will play football.
Active
Football will be played by him.
Passive
Exercise 2
Active
Passive
I eat rice.
Rice is eaten by me.
She reads a book.
A book is read by her.
He played football.
Football was played by him.
They will watch TV.
TV will be watched by them.
She is singing a song.
A song is being sung by her.
I have eaten rice.
Rice has been eaten by me.
Exercise 3
Passive
Active
Rice is eaten by me.
I eat rice.
A book was read by her.
She read a book.
Football will be played by him.
He will play football.
A song is being sung by her.
She is singing a song.
TV has been watched by them.
They have watched TV.
Exercise 4
is
was
will be
being
been
Exercise 5
(Student’s own answer. Example: She reads a book. → She reads a storybook. → A storybook is read by her. → She reads an interesting storybook at night. → An interesting storybook is read by her at night.)
Exercise 6
(Student’s own answer.)
15. Conclusion
Great job, kids! Today you learned Active and Passive Voice. You know that active voice focuses on the doer, and passive voice focuses on the receiver. You practiced changing sentences in Present, Past, and Future tenses, made positive, negative, and interrogative sentences, built longer sentences step by step, and used phrasal verbs.
Remember:
Passive = be + V3 + (by + doer).
Use am/is/are for present, was/were for past, will be for future.
Use being for continuous and been for perfect tenses.
