ইংরেজি গ্রামারে Passive Voice শেখার সময় প্রায় সব শিক্ষার্থী একটি সাধারণ ভুল করেন — তারা মনে করেন সব Sentence-ই Passive Voice-এ রূপান্তর করা যায়। কিন্তু আসল সত্যটি হলো — শুধু Transitive Verb-যুক্ত বাক্যেরই Passive হয়। যেসব Verb-এর Object নেই (Linking Verb, Possessive Verb, Intransitive Verb) — সেগুলোর Passive Voice হয় না।
আরও গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয় হলো — Complex Sentence-এর Passive conversion একটু ভিন্ন। কারণ Complex Sentence-এ দুটি Clause থাকে — Main Clause এবং Subordinate Clause। প্রতিটির আলাদা Passive construction করতে হয়।
ToLearnTeam.com-এর এই ব্লগে আমরা শিখব:
- Complex Sentence-এর Passive Voice কীভাবে করতে হয় — ধাপে ধাপে
- Transitive Verb চেনার সহজ কৌশল
- যেসব Verb/Sentence-এর Passive হয় না — Linking Verb, Possessive Have/Has/Had, Object-less Sentence
- ৪০+ বাস্তব উদাহরণ, ৮টি Common Mistake এবং ৩টি Responsive SVG Infographic
চলুন শুরু করি!
Passive Voice of Complex Sentences — মূল ধারণা
Complex Sentence কী?
Complex Sentence = একটি Main (Independent) Clause + এক বা একাধিক Subordinate (Dependent) Clause
উদাহরণ:
He told me that he learned English.
এখানে —
- Main Clause: He told me
- Subordinate Clause: that he learned English
Passive Voice-এর মূল শর্ত
Passive Voice করার জন্য Verb অবশ্যই Transitive হতে হবে — অর্থাৎ Verb-এর একটি Object থাকতে হবে।
Transitive Verb চেনার কৌশল:
Verb-কে “What?” বা “Whom?” প্রশ্ন করুন → উত্তর পেলে সেটি Transitive Verb
উদাহরণ:
- He told me → “Whom did he tell?” → me → Transitive ✅
- He learned English → “What did he learn?” → English → Transitive ✅
Passive Voice-এর মূল Formula
Active: Subject + Verb + Object
Passive: Object + be verb + V3 + by + Subject (Agent)
Complex Sentence-এর Passive Conversion — ২টি ধাপ
Step-by-Step Conversion
Active Sentence:
He told me that he learned English.
Step 1 — Main Clause-এর Passive:
- Active: He told me
- Passive: I was told by him
Step 2 — Subordinate Clause-এর Passive:
- Active: he learned English
- Passive: English was learned by him
Combined Passive Sentence:
I was told by him that English was learned by him.
৫+ Complex Sentence Passive উদাহরণ
১.
- Active: She said that she would finish the work.
- Passive: It was said by her that the work would be finished by her.
২.
- Active: They believed that he had stolen the money.
- Passive: It was believed by them that the money had been stolen by him.
৩.
- Active: People think that he is honest.
- Passive: It is thought that he is honest.
৪.
- Active: The teacher told us that the exam would be difficult.
- Passive: We were told by the teacher that the exam would be difficult.
৫.
- Active: Rahim informed me that he had completed the project.
- Passive: I was informed by Rahim that the project had been completed by him.
Transitive Verb Test — কীভাবে Object চিনবেন?
মূল কৌশল
Verb-কে “What?” / “Whom?” প্রশ্ন করুন → উত্তর পেলে Verb-টি Transitive → Passive হবে
১০+ Transitive Verb উদাহরণ
১. He told me.
- Whom did he tell? → me → Transitive ✅
২. She wrote a letter.
- What did she write? → a letter → Transitive ✅
৩. They cleaned the room.
- What did they clean? → the room → Transitive ✅
৪. Rahim bought a new phone.
- What did Rahim buy? → a new phone → Transitive ✅
৫. The teacher explained the lesson.
- What did the teacher explain? → the lesson → Transitive ✅
৬. Mother cooked biryani.
- What did mother cook? → biryani → Transitive ✅
৭. The manager approved the proposal.
- What did the manager approve? → the proposal → Transitive ✅
৮. She called her father.
- Whom did she call? → her father → Transitive ✅
৯. We watched a movie.
- What did we watch? → a movie → Transitive ✅
১০. He sent an email.
- What did he send? → an email → Transitive ✅
Real-world examples:
- I helped my sister. → Whom did I help? → my sister ✅
- They finished the project. → What did they finish? → the project ✅
যেসব Verb/Sentence-এর Passive হয় না
Rule 1 — Linking Verb (Be Verb as Main Verb)
Be Verb (am, is, are, was, were) যখন Main Verb হিসেবে Subject-কে Complement-এর সাথে যুক্ত করে, তখন Passive হয় না।
কারণ Linking Verb-এর কোনো Object থাকে না — শুধু Subject Complement থাকে।
৮+ Linking Verb উদাহরণ
১. I was happy.
→ was = Linking Verb (Main Verb হিসেবে)
→ Object নেই → Passive হয় না
→ ❌ ভুল: Happy was been by me.
২. He was silent.
→ was = Linking Verb
→ silent = Adjective (Subject Complement)
→ ❌ Passive হয় না
৩. She is a doctor.
→ is = Linking Verb
→ a doctor = Complement
→ ❌ Passive হয় না
৪. The sky was blue.
→ was = Linking Verb
→ blue = Complement
→ ❌ Passive হয় না
৫. They were students.
→ were = Linking Verb
→ students = Complement
→ ❌ Passive হয় না
৬. The food tastes good.
→ tastes = Linking Verb (smells, looks, feels, seems, becomes-ও হয়)
→ Object নেই → Passive হয় না
৭. The flower looks beautiful.
→ looks = Linking Verb
→ beautiful = Complement
→ ❌ Passive হয় না
৮. He became a doctor.
→ became = Linking Verb
→ a doctor = Complement
→ ❌ Passive হয় না
Real-world examples:
- I am tired. → ❌ Passive হয় না
- The movie was interesting. → ❌ Passive হয় না
Rule 2 — Possessive Verb (Have / Has / Had)
Have, Has, Had যখন মালিকানা (Possession) বোঝায়, তখন তাদের Passive হয় না।
কারণ এখানে “have” = “own” — যেটির Passive ব্যবহার ইংরেজিতে হয় না।
৬+ Possessive Verb উদাহরণ
১. He has a car.
→ has = Possessive Verb
→ ❌ ভুল: A car is had by him.
২. She has two brothers.
→ has = Possessive Verb
→ ❌ Passive হয় না
৩. I have a new phone.
→ have = Possessive Verb
→ ❌ Passive হয় না
৪. They had a big house.
→ had = Possessive Verb
→ ❌ Passive হয় না
৫. The company has 100 employees.
→ has = Possessive Verb
→ ❌ Passive হয় না
৬. He had a wonderful experience.
→ had = Possessive Verb
→ ❌ Passive হয় না
Real-world examples:
- Rahim has a beautiful garden. → ❌ Passive হয় না
- She had a bad dream. → ❌ Passive হয় না
Rule 3 — Intransitive Verb (Object-less Sentence)
Intransitive Verb (যেসব Verb-এর Object নেই) — সেগুলোর Passive হয় না।
৮+ Intransitive Verb উদাহরণ
১. The baby cried.
→ cried = Intransitive
→ Object নেই → ❌ Passive হয় না
২. He laughed loudly.
→ laughed = Intransitive
→ ❌ Passive হয় না
৩. The sun rises in the east.
→ rises = Intransitive
→ ❌ Passive হয় না
৪. She slept well.
→ slept = Intransitive
→ ❌ Passive হয় না
৫. They arrived late.
→ arrived = Intransitive
→ ❌ Passive হয় না
৬. The wind blew hard.
→ blew = Intransitive
→ ❌ Passive হয় না
৭. He ran fast.
→ ran = Intransitive
→ ❌ Passive হয় না
৮. The meeting ended at 5 PM.
→ ended = Intransitive
→ ❌ Passive হয় না
Real-world examples:
- The baby smiled. → ❌ Passive হয় না
- They danced all night. → ❌ Passive হয় না
Rule 4 — Object-less Complex Sentence
যদি Complex Sentence-এর কোনো Clause-এ Object না থাকে, তবে সেই Clause-এর Passive হয় না।
উদাহরণ:
- He said that he was tired.
→ “He said” = Transitive (Passive সম্ভব)
→ “he was tired” = Linking Verb (Passive অসম্ভব)
→ সম্পূর্ণ Passive: He said that he was tired → It was said by him that he was tired.
Passive Voice Complex Sentences — পাশাপাশি তুলনা টেবিল
| Verb Type | Passive হবে? | উদাহরণ |
|---|---|---|
| Transitive Verb | ✅ হ্যাঁ | He told me → I was told by him |
| Linking Verb (Main) | ❌ না | I was happy |
| Possessive Have/Has/Had | ❌ না | He has a car |
| Intransitive Verb | ❌ না | The baby cried |
| Modal + Transitive | ✅ হ্যাঁ | He can do it → It can be done by him |
সহজ সূত্র:
- Object আছে → Passive হবে
- Object নেই → Passive হবে না
- Have/Has/Had (মালিকানা) → Passive হবে না
Complex Sentence Passive — আরও উদাহরণ
১০+ জটিল উদাহরণ
১.
- Active: He said that she would help us.
- Passive: It was said by him that we would be helped by her.
২.
- Active: The police reported that they had caught the thief.
- Passive: It was reported by the police that the thief had been caught.
৩.
- Active: People believe that she is a genius.
- Passive: It is believed that she is a genius.
৪.
- Active: They say that he will win the election.
- Passive: It is said that he will win the election.
৫.
- Active: The manager told me that the deal was cancelled.
- Passive: I was told by the manager that the deal was cancelled.
৬.
- Active: We noticed that the door was open.
- Passive: It was noticed by us that the door was open.
৭.
- Active: The teacher informed us that the class was postponed.
- Passive: We were informed by the teacher that the class was postponed.
৮.
- Active: She claimed that she had finished the work.
- Passive: It was claimed by her that the work had been finished.
৯.
- Active: They thought that he was innocent.
- Passive: It was thought that he was innocent.
১০.
- Active: He admitted that he had made a mistake.
- Passive: It was admitted by him that a mistake had been made.
Real-world examples:
- The news reported that the bridge was damaged. → It was reported that the bridge was damaged.
- My friend told me that the exam was easy. → I was told by my friend that the exam was easy.
Common Mistakes — যেখানে শিক্ষার্থীরা ভুল করে
❌ ভুল ১: Linking Verb-এর Passive করা
- ভুল: Happy was been by me. (I was happy → ভুল passive)
- সঠিক: Passive হয় না (Linking Verb)
❌ ভুল ২: Possessive Have-এর Passive করা
- ভুল: A car is had by him. (He has a car → ভুল passive)
- সঠিক: Passive হয় না (Possessive Verb)
❌ ভুল ৩: Intransitive Verb-এর Passive করা
- ভুল: The baby was cried.
- সঠিক: Passive হয় না (Intransitive Verb)
❌ ভুল ৪: Complex Sentence-এর শুধু একটি Clause Passive করা
- ভুল: I was told by him that he learned English. (Subordinate অপরিবর্তিত)
- সঠিক: I was told by him that English was learned by him. (উভয় Clause Passive)
❌ ভুল ৫: Transitive Verb Test না করা
- ভুল: সব Verb-এর Passive করা
- সঠিক: “What/Whom?” প্রশ্ন করে Object আছে কিনা যাচাই করুন
❌ ভুল ৬: Be Verb-কে সর্বদা Auxiliary ভাবা
- ভুল: was = auxiliary verb (সবসময়)
- সঠিক: I was happy → was = Main Linking Verb → Passive হয় না
❌ ভুল ৭: Have-এর সব ব্যবহারে Passive করা
- ভুল: Has → সবসময় Passive হবে
- সঠিক: Have/Has = Possessive → Passive হবে না; Have + V3 = Perfect Tense → Passive হবে
❌ ভুল ৮: Modal যুক্ত Complex Sentence-এ Passive ভুল করা
- ভুল: He can do it → It can done by him.
- সঠিক: He can do it → It can be done by him.
দৈনন্দিন জীবনে ব্যবহারের পরিস্থিতি
পরিস্থিতি ১ — অফিস
- The manager informed me that the report was ready. → Passive: I was informed by the manager that the report was ready.
- He has a new laptop. → Passive হয় না (Possessive)
- The meeting was postponed. → Passive (Transitive Verb)
পরিস্থিতি ২ — ক্লাসরুম
- The teacher told us that the exam was difficult. → Passive: We were told by the teacher that the exam was difficult.
- She is a brilliant student. → Passive হয় না (Linking Verb)
- The lesson was explained. → Passive
পরিস্থিতি ৩ — সোশ্যাল মিডিয়া
- People say that the post went viral. → Passive: It is said that the post went viral.
- He was happy about the news. → Passive হয় না (Linking Verb)
- The video was shared by millions. → Passive
পরিস্থিতি ৪ — ট্রাভেল
- My friend told me that the hotel was booked. → Passive: I was told by my friend that the hotel was booked.
- The train was delayed. → Passive
- He was tired after the journey. → Passive হয় না (Linking Verb)
পরিস্থিতি ৫ — পারিবারিক
- Mother said that dinner was ready. → Passive: It was said by mother that dinner was ready.
- He has two sisters. → Passive হয় না (Possessive)
- The biryani was cooked by mother. → Passive
Passive Voice Complex Sentences — Quick Summary
এক লাইনে সারসংক্ষেপ:
Transitive Verb → Passive হবে ✅
Linking Verb → Passive হবে না ❌
Possessive Have/Has/Had → Passive হবে না ❌
Intransitive Verb → Passive হবে না ❌
Complex Sentence → উভয় Clause আলাদা Passive হবে
সহজ সূত্র:
- Object আছে → Passive হবে
- Object নেই → Passive হবে না
- “What?” / “Whom?” প্রশ্নে উত্তর পেলে → Passive হবে
- Be Verb + Adjective → Passive হবে না
Practice Exercise — নিজে চেষ্টা করুন
নিচের বাক্যগুলোর মধ্যে কোনটি Passive হবে এবং কোনটি হবে না — চিহ্নিত করুন:
- He told me a story. → Passive হবে
- He is a doctor. → Passive হবে না
- She has a car. → Passive হবে না
- They cleaned the room. → Passive হবে
- The baby cried. → Passive হবে না
- The manager approved the proposal. → Passive হবে
- He was happy. → Passive হবে না
- She wrote a letter. → Passive হবে
- They have two children. → Passive হবে না
- The sun rises in the east. → Passive হবে না
Video-এর Hero Examples:
① “He told me that he learned English.” → Complex Sentence Passive
② “I was happy.” → Passive হয় না (Linking Verb)
③ “He has a car.” → Passive হয় না (Possessive Verb)
④ “He was silent.” → Passive হয় না (No Object)
Conclusion & Call-to-Action (CTA)
Passive Voice of Complex Sentences এখন আপনার কাছে স্পষ্ট। মূল কথা — Passive Voice করার একটাই মূল শর্ত: Transitive Verb থাকতে হবে। যদি Verb-এর Object না থাকে, Passive Voice সম্ভব নয়।
মনে রাখার সূত্র:
- Transitive Verb → Passive হবে ✅
- Linking Verb (Be Verb as Main) → Passive হবে না ❌
- Possessive Have/Has/Had → Passive হবে না ❌
- Intransitive Verb → Passive হবে না ❌
- Complex Sentence → উভয় Clause আলাদা Passive হবে
BCS, Admission, Job — সব প্রতিযোগিতামূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য Passive Voice একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয়। এই নিয়মগুলো ভালোভাবে আয়ত্ত করলে Grammar section-এ আপনি আত্মবিশ্বাসী হয়ে উঠবেন।
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