প্রিয় শিক্ষার্থী, আজ আমরা Present Perfect Tense-এর Active Voice এবং Passive Voice নিয়ে বিস্তারিত শিখব। আমরা শিখব কীভাবে সাধারণ বাক্য, নির্দেশমূলক বাক্য, ইচ্ছা/প্রার্থনামূলক বাক্য, আবেগসূচক বাক্য এবং Modal Verb ব্যবহার করে Active থেকে Passive করা যায়। যেমন:
Active: I have eaten rice. – আমি ভাত খেয়েছি।
Passive: Rice has been eaten by me. – আমার দ্বারা ভাত খাওয়া হয়েছে।
Active with Modal: She may have sung a song. – সে একটি গান গেয়ে থাকতে পারে।
Passive with Modal: A song may have been sung by her. – তার দ্বারা একটি গান গাওয়া হয়ে থাকতে পারে।
এই ক্লাসে তোমরা গঠন, নিয়ম, positive, negative, interrogative, imperative, optative, exclamatory, modal, contraction, ধাপে ধাপে বড় বাক্য তৈরি, phrasal verb এবং মজার exercise শিখবে।
Hello, kids! Welcome to ToLearnTeam.com. Today’s topic is Active-Passive of Present Perfect Tense in full detail. You will learn structure, positive, negative, interrogative, imperative, optative, exclamatory, modals, contractions, step-by-step sentence building, and practice with fun exercises.
2. Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
Identify Active and Passive Voice in Present Perfect Tense.
Know the basic passive structure: Object + have/has + been + V3 + by + Subject.
Use have been / has been correctly with singular and plural subjects.
Change positive, negative, and interrogative sentences.
Change imperative, optative, and exclamatory sentences into passive.
Use all modals in passive: can, may, must, should, could, might.
Use contractions like hasn’t, haven’t, can’t in passive.
Build longer sentences step by step.
Learn 30 daily life active-passive examples with Bangla meaning and pronunciation.
Practice with fun exercises.
3. Active vs Passive Voice in Present Perfect
Active Voice (কর্তৃবাচ্য) in Present Perfect shows that the subject has completed an action with a connection to now.
Passive Voice (কর্মবাচ্য) shows that the action has been done to the subject.
আমার মায়ের দ্বারা কী সুস্বাদু খাবার রান্না হয়েছে!
9. Passive with All Modals in Present Perfect
Modal verbs in Present Perfect passive use: Object + modal + have been + V3 + by + Subject. This expresses ability, permission, obligation, possibility, etc., with completed action.
Can (পারা/সামর্থ্য)
Active
Passive
Bangla Meaning
I can have eaten rice.
Rice can have been eaten by me.
আমার দ্বারা ভাত খাওয়া হয়ে থাকতে পারে।
She can have sung a song.
A song can have been sung by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি গান গাওয়া হয়ে থাকতে পারে।
They can have played football.
Football can have been played by them.
তাদের দ্বারা ফুটবল খেলা হয়ে থাকতে পারে।
May (অনুমতি/সম্ভাবনা)
Active
Passive
Bangla Meaning
He may have opened the door.
The door may have been opened by him.
তার দ্বারা দরজাটি খোলা হয়ে থাকতে পারে।
She may have read the book.
The book may have been read by her.
তার দ্বারা বইটি পড়া হয়ে থাকতে পারে।
We may have drunk milk.
Milk may have been drunk by us.
আমাদের দ্বারা দুধ পান হয়ে থাকতে পারে।
Must (অবশ্যই)
Active
Passive
Bangla Meaning
You must have done your homework.
Your homework must have been done by you.
তোমার দ্বারা তোমার বাড়ির কাজ অবশ্যই হয়ে থাকবে।
She must have cleaned the room.
The room must have been cleaned by her.
তার দ্বারা ঘরটি অবশ্যই পরিষ্কার হয়ে থাকবে।
They must have respected teachers.
Teachers must have been respected by them.
তাদের দ্বারা শিক্ষকদের অবশ্যই সম্মান হয়ে থাকবে।
Should (উচিত)
Active
Passive
Bangla Meaning
We should have eaten vegetables.
Vegetables should have been eaten by us.
আমাদের দ্বারা সবজি খাওয়া উচিত হয়ে থাকবে।
He should have helped his mother.
His mother should have been helped by him.
তার দ্বারা তার মাকে সাহায্য করা উচিত হয়ে থাকবে।
She should have read books.
Books should have been read by her.
তার দ্বারা বই পড়া উচিত হয়ে থাকবে।
Could (পারত/সম্ভাবনা)
Active
Passive
Bangla Meaning
He could have played cricket.
Cricket could have been played by him.
তার দ্বারা ক্রিকেট খেলা হয়ে থাকতে পারত।
She could have written a letter.
A letter could have been written by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি চিঠি লেখা হয়ে থাকতে পারত।
Might (সম্ভাবনা)
Active
Passive
Bangla Meaning
She might have sung a song.
A song might have been sung by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি গান গাওয়া হয়ে থাকতে পারে।
They might have watched TV.
TV might have been watched by them.
তাদের দ্বারা টিভি দেখা হয়ে থাকতে পারে।
10. Contractions in Passive Voice
We can use contractions in negative passive sentences.
Full Form Passive Negative
Short Form Passive Negative
Bangla Meaning
Rice has not been eaten by me.
Rice hasn’t been eaten by me.
আমার দ্বারা ভাত খাওয়া হয়নি।
Books have not been read by them.
Books haven’t been read by them.
তাদের দ্বারা বই পড়া হয়নি।
A song has not been sung by her.
A song hasn’t been sung by her.
তার দ্বারা গান গাওয়া হয়নি।
Milk has not been drunk by us.
Milk hasn’t been drunk by us.
আমাদের দ্বারা দুধ পান করা হয়নি।
Football has not been played by him.
Football hasn’t been played by him.
তার দ্বারা ফুটবল খেলা হয়নি।
Rice can not have been eaten by me.
Rice can’t have been eaten by me.
আমার দ্বারা ভাত খাওয়া হয়ে থাকতে পারে না।
Homework must not have been done by him.
Homework mustn’t have been done by him.
তার দ্বারা বাড়ির কাজ হয়ে থাকা উচিত নয়।
Vegetables should not have been eaten by us.
Vegetables shouldn’t have been eaten by us.
আমাদের দ্বারা সবজি খাওয়া উচিত হয়ে থাকবে না।
11. 30 Daily Life Active-Passive Examples
Here are 30 daily life Present Perfect Active-Passive examples.
#
Active Voice
Passive Voice
Bangla Meaning
1
I have eaten rice.
Rice has been eaten by me.
আমার দ্বারা ভাত খাওয়া হয়েছে।
2
She has read a book.
A book has been read by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি বই পড়া হয়েছে।
3
He has played football.
Football has been played by him.
তার দ্বারা ফুটবল খেলা হয়েছে।
4
We have drunk milk.
Milk has been drunk by us.
আমাদের দ্বারা দুধ পান করা হয়েছে।
5
They have watched TV.
TV has been watched by them.
তাদের দ্বারা টিভি দেখা হয়েছে।
6
My mother has cooked food.
Food has been cooked by my mother.
আমার মায়ের দ্বারা খাবার রান্না হয়েছে।
7
My father has read newspaper.
Newspaper has been read by my father.
আমার বাবার দ্বারা খবরের কাগজ পড়া হয়েছে।
8
The cat has drunk milk.
Milk has been drunk by the cat.
বিড়ালটির দ্বারা দুধ পান করা হয়েছে।
9
The dog has chased the cat.
The cat has been chased by the dog.
কুকুরটির দ্বারা বিড়ালটি তাড়া করা হয়েছে।
10
She has sung a song.
A song has been sung by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি গান গাওয়া হয়েছে।
11
He has written a letter.
A letter has been written by him.
তার দ্বারা একটি চিঠি লেখা হয়েছে।
12
They have cleaned the house.
The house has been cleaned by them.
তাদের দ্বারা ঘর পরিষ্কার করা হয়েছে।
13
I have done my homework.
My homework has been done by me.
আমার দ্বারা আমার বাড়ির কাজ করা হয়েছে।
14
She has drawn a picture.
A picture has been drawn by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি ছবি আঁকা হয়েছে।
15
He has ridden a bicycle.
A bicycle has been ridden by him.
তার দ্বারা সাইকেল চালানো হয়েছে।
16
My brother has made a toy.
A toy has been made by my brother.
আমার ভাইয়ের দ্বারা একটি খেলনা বানানো হয়েছে।
17
My sister has watered the plants.
The plants have been watered by my sister.
আমার বোনের দ্বারা গাছে পানি দেওয়া হয়েছে।
18
The baby has drunk milk.
Milk has been drunk by the baby.
শিশুটির দ্বারা দুধ পান করা হয়েছে।
19
She has cleaned her room.
Her room has been cleaned by her.
তার দ্বারা তার ঘর পরিষ্কার করা হয়েছে।
20
He has opened the window.
The window has been opened by him.
তার দ্বারা জানালাটি খোলা হয়েছে।
21
The teacher has taught us.
We have been taught by the teacher.
শিক্ষকের দ্বারা আমাদের পড়ানো হয়েছে।
22
She has sung a beautiful song.
A beautiful song has been sung by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি সুন্দর গান গাওয়া হয়েছে।
23
They have played cricket.
Cricket has been played by them.
তাদের দ্বারা ক্রিকেট খেলা হয়েছে।
24
I have read an interesting book.
An interesting book has been read by me.
আমার দ্বারা একটি মজার বই পড়া হয়েছে।
25
He has eaten an apple.
An apple has been eaten by him.
তার দ্বারা একটি আপেল খাওয়া হয়েছে।
26
We have learned English.
English has been learned by us.
আমাদের দ্বারা ইংরেজি শেখা হয়েছে।
27
She has worn a red dress.
A red dress has been worn by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি লাল পোশাক পরা হয়েছে।
28
He has caught the ball.
The ball has been caught by him.
তার দ্বারা বলটি ধরা হয়েছে।
29
They have built a sandcastle.
A sandcastle has been built by them.
তাদের দ্বারা একটি বালুর ঘর বানানো হয়েছে।
30
I have not eaten rice yet.
Rice has not been eaten by me yet.
এখনো আমার দ্বারা ভাত খাওয়া হয়নি।
12. Word Power: Meaning & Bangla Pronunciation
Here is vocabulary related to Present Perfect Active-Passive.
English Word
Part of Speech
Bangla Meaning
Pronunciation (Bangla)
active
Adjective
কর্তৃ
অ্যাক্টিভ
passive
Adjective
কর্ম
প্যাসিভ
voice
Noun
বাচ্য
ভয়েস
have been
Auxiliary Phrase
হয়ে থাকা
হ্যাভ বিন
has been
Auxiliary Phrase
হয়ে থাকা
হ্যাজ বিন
been
Auxiliary Verb
হয়েছে
বিন
by
Preposition
দ্বারা
বাই
not
Adverb
না
নট
can
Modal Verb
পারা
ক্যান
may
Modal Verb
পারা/অনুমতি
মে
must
Modal Verb
অবশ্যই
মাস্ট
should
Modal Verb
উচিত
শুড
could
Modal Verb
পারত
কুড
might
Modal Verb
হতে পারে
মাইট
let
Verb
করতে দেওয়া
লেট
requested
Verb (V3)
অনুরোধ করা
রিকোয়েস্টেড
asked
Verb (V3)
বলা
আস্কড
eaten
Verb (V3)
খাওয়া হয়েছে
ইটেন
drunk
Verb (V3)
পান করা হয়েছে
ড্রাংক
played
Verb (V3)
খেলা হয়েছে
প্লেড
read
Verb (V3)
পড়া হয়েছে
রেড
sung
Verb (V3)
গাওয়া হয়েছে
সাং
cooked
Verb (V3)
রান্না করা হয়েছে
কুকড
watched
Verb (V3)
দেখা হয়েছে
ওয়াচড
written
Verb (V3)
লেখা হয়েছে
রিটেন
cleaned
Verb (V3)
পরিষ্কার করা হয়েছে
ক্লিনড
drawn
Verb (V3)
আঁকা হয়েছে
ড্রন
ridden
Verb (V3)
চালানো হয়েছে
রিডেন
made
Verb (V3)
বানানো হয়েছে
মেড
watered
Verb (V3)
পানি দেওয়া হয়েছে
ওয়াটারড
opened
Verb (V3)
খোলা হয়েছে
ওপেনড
taught
Verb (V3)
পড়ানো হয়েছে
টট
worn
Verb (V3)
পরা হয়েছে
ওর্ন
caught
Verb (V3)
ধরা হয়েছে
কট
built
Verb (V3)
বানানো হয়েছে
বিল্ট
learned
Verb (V3)
শেখা হয়েছে
লার্নড
rice
Noun
ভাত
রাইস
book
Noun
বই
বুক
football
Noun
ফুটবল
ফুটবল
milk
Noun
দুধ
মিল্ক
TV
Noun
টিভি
টিভি
food
Noun
খাবার
ফুড
newspaper
Noun
খবরের কাগজ
নিউজপেপার
cat
Noun
বিড়াল
ক্যাট
dog
Noun
কুকুর
ডগ
song
Noun
গান
সং
letter
Noun
চিঠি
লেটার
house
Noun
ঘর
হাউস
picture
Noun
ছবি
পিকচার
bicycle
Noun
সাইকেল
বাইসাইকেল
toy
Noun
খেলনা
টয়
plants
Noun
গাছ
প্ল্যান্টস
window
Noun
জানালা
উইন্ডো
apple
Noun
আপেল
অ্যাপল
dress
Noun
পোশাক
ড্রেস
ball
Noun
বল
বল
sandcastle
Noun
বালুর ঘর
স্যান্ডকাসল
teacher
Noun
শিক্ষক
টিচার
mother
Noun
মা
মাদার
father
Noun
বাবা
ফাদার
brother
Noun
ভাই
ব্রাদার
sister
Noun
বোন
সিস্টার
baby
Noun
শিশু
বেবি
children
Noun
শিশুরা
চিলড্রেন
13. Phrasal Verbs in Present Perfect Passive
Phrasal verbs can also be used in Present Perfect Passive. Here are useful examples.
Phrasal Verb
Bangla Meaning
Active
Passive
turn on
চালু করা
He has turned on the fan.
The fan has been turned on by him.
turn off
বন্ধ করা
She has turned off the TV.
The TV has been turned off by her.
put on
পরা
He has put on his shoes.
His shoes have been put on by him.
take off
খোলা
She has taken off her coat.
Her coat has been taken off by her.
pick up
কুড়িয়ে নেওয়া
He has picked up the ball.
The ball has been picked up by him.
clean up
পরিষ্কার করা
They have cleaned up the room.
The room has been cleaned up by them.
look after
যত্ন নেওয়া
She has looked after her brother.
Her brother has been looked after by her.
look for
খোঁজা
He has looked for his pen.
His pen has been looked for by him.
give up
ছেড়ে দেওয়া
She has given up junk food.
Junk food has been given up by her.
throw away
ফেলে দেওয়া
He has thrown away the paper.
The paper has been thrown away by him.
find out
খুঁজে বের করা
They have found out the answer.
The answer has been found out by them.
hand in
জমা দেওয়া
I have handed in my homework.
My homework has been handed in by me.
wake up
ঘুম থেকে জাগানো
Mother has woken up the children.
The children have been woken up by mother.
write down
লিখে রাখা
He has written down the notes.
The notes have been written down by him.
send back
ফেরত পাঠানো
She has sent back the gift.
The gift has been sent back by her.
14. Make Sentences Larger Step by Step
Kids can make Present Perfect active sentences larger and then change to passive.
Example 1: Build Active “I have eaten rice” and Passive
Step
Active
Passive
What is Added
Bangla Meaning
1
I have eaten rice.
Rice has been eaten by me.
Basic
আমার দ্বারা ভাত খাওয়া হয়েছে।
2
I have eaten rice and fish.
Rice and fish have been eaten by me.
Extra object
আমার দ্বারা ভাত ও মাছ খাওয়া হয়েছে।
3
I have eaten rice and fish just now.
Rice and fish have been eaten by me just now.
Time
এই মাত্র আমার দ্বারা ভাত ও মাছ খাওয়া হয়েছে।
4
I have eaten rice and fish just now in the kitchen.
Rice and fish have been eaten by me just now in the kitchen.
Place
এই মাত্র রান্নাঘরে আমার দ্বারা ভাত ও মাছ খাওয়া হয়েছে।
5
I have eaten rice and fish just now in the kitchen with my family.
Rice and fish have been eaten by me just now in the kitchen with my family.
Company
এই মাত্র রান্নাঘরে আমার পরিবারের সঙ্গে আমার দ্বারা ভাত ও মাছ খাওয়া হয়েছে।
Word-by-word meaning for Step 5 Passive:
Word
Bangla Meaning
Pronunciation (Bangla)
Rice
ভাত
রাইস
and
এবং
অ্যান্ড
fish
মাছ
ফিশ
have
হয়েছে (auxiliary)
হ্যাভ
been
হয়েছে
বিন
eaten
খাওয়া হয়েছে
ইটেন
by
দ্বারা
বাই
me
আমার
মি
just now
এই মাত্র
জাস্ট নাউ
in
এ/তে
ইন
the
টি
দি
kitchen
রান্নাঘর
কিচেন
with
সঙ্গে
উইথ
my
আমার
মাই
family
পরিবার
ফ্যামিলি
Example 2: Build Active “She has read a book”
Step
Active
Passive
Bangla Meaning
1
She has read a book.
A book has been read by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি বই পড়া হয়েছে।
2
She has read a storybook.
A storybook has been read by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি গল্পের বই পড়া হয়েছে।
3
She has read an interesting storybook.
An interesting storybook has been read by her.
তার দ্বারা একটি মজার গল্পের বই পড়া হয়েছে।
4
She has read an interesting storybook at night.
An interesting storybook has been read by her at night.
রাতে তার দ্বারা একটি মজার গল্পের বই পড়া হয়েছে।
5
She has read an interesting storybook at night in her room.
An interesting storybook has been read by her at night in her room.
রাতে তার ঘরে তার দ্বারা একটি মজার গল্পের বই পড়া হয়েছে।
Example 3: Build Active “He has played football”
Step
Active
Passive
Bangla Meaning
1
He has played football.
Football has been played by him.
তার দ্বারা ফুটবল খেলা হয়েছে।
2
He has played football in the field.
Football has been played by him in the field.
মাঠে তার দ্বারা ফুটবল খেলা হয়েছে।
3
He has played football in the big field.
Football has been played by him in the big field.
বড় মাঠে তার দ্বারা ফুটবল খেলা হয়েছে।
4
He has played football in the big field this afternoon.
Football has been played by him in the big field this afternoon.
আজ বিকেলে বড় মাঠে তার দ্বারা ফুটবল খেলা হয়েছে।
5
He has played football in the big field this afternoon with his friends.
Football has been played by him in the big field this afternoon with his friends.
আজ বিকেলে বড় মাঠে তার বন্ধুদের সঙ্গে তার দ্বারা ফুটবল খেলা হয়েছে।
15. Negative and WH Question Examples
Negative Sentences in Active and Passive
Active Negative
Passive Negative
Bangla Meaning
I have not eaten rice.
Rice has not been eaten by me.
আমার দ্বারা ভাত খাওয়া হয়নি।
She has not sung a song.
A song has not been sung by her.
তার দ্বারা গান গাওয়া হয়নি।
He has not played football.
Football has not been played by him.
তার দ্বারা ফুটবল খেলা হয়নি।
We have not drunk milk.
Milk has not been drunk by us.
আমাদের দ্বারা দুধ পান করা হয়নি।
They have not watched TV.
TV has not been watched by them.
তাদের দ্বারা টিভি দেখা হয়নি।
Interrogative Sentences in Active and Passive
Active Question
Passive Question
Bangla Meaning
Have you eaten rice?
Has rice been eaten by you?
তোমার দ্বারা কি ভাত খাওয়া হয়েছে?
Has she sung a song?
Has a song been sung by her?
তার দ্বারা কি একটি গান গাওয়া হয়েছে?
Has he played football?
Has football been played by him?
তার দ্বারা কি ফুটবল খেলা হয়েছে?
Have we drunk milk?
Has milk been drunk by us?
আমাদের দ্বারা কি দুধ পান করা হয়েছে?
Have they watched TV?
Has TV been watched by them?
তাদের দ্বারা কি টিভি দেখা হয়েছে?
WH Questions in Passive
WH Question (Active)
WH Question (Passive)
Bangla Meaning
What have you eaten?
What has been eaten by you?
তোমার দ্বারা কী খাওয়া হয়েছে?
What has she read?
What has been read by her?
তার দ্বারা কী পড়া হয়েছে?
Where have they played football?
Where has football been played by them?
তাদের দ্বারা কোথায় ফুটবল খেলা হয়েছে?
Who has sung this song?
By whom has this song been sung?
কার দ্বারা এই গানটি গাওয়া হয়েছে?
Why has he opened the window?
Why has the window been opened by him?
তার দ্বারা কেন জানালাটি খোলা হয়েছে?
16. Exercise Section
Exercise 1: Identify Active or Passive Voice
Write Active or Passive for each sentence.
Sentence
Voice
I have eaten rice.
Rice has been eaten by me.
She has read a book.
A book has been read by her.
They have watched TV.
TV has been watched by them.
He has played football.
Football has been played by him.
Exercise 2: Change Active to Passive
Active
Passive
I have eaten rice.
She has read a book.
He has played football.
We have drunk milk.
They have watched TV.
My mother has cooked food.
Exercise 3: Change Passive to Active
Passive
Active
Rice has been eaten by me.
A book has been read by her.
Football has been played by him.
Milk has been drunk by us.
TV has been watched by them.
Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks with have been / has been
Rice ______ eaten by me.
A book ______ read by her.
Football ______ played by him.
Milk ______ drunk by us.
TV ______ watched by them.
The plants ______ watered by my sister.
Exercise 5: Change to Negative and Interrogative Passive
Passive Positive
Passive Negative
Passive Interrogative
Rice has been eaten by me.
A book has been read by her.
Football has been played by him.
Milk has been drunk by us.
TV has been watched by them.
Exercise 6: Change Modal Active to Passive
Active
Passive
I can have eaten rice.
She may have sung a song.
He must have done his homework.
We should have drunk milk.
They could have played football.
17. Answer Key
Exercise 1
Sentence
Voice
I have eaten rice.
Active
Rice has been eaten by me.
Passive
She has read a book.
Active
A book has been read by her.
Passive
They have watched TV.
Active
TV has been watched by them.
Passive
He has played football.
Active
Football has been played by him.
Passive
Exercise 2
Active
Passive
I have eaten rice.
Rice has been eaten by me.
She has read a book.
A book has been read by her.
He has played football.
Football has been played by him.
We have drunk milk.
Milk has been drunk by us.
They have watched TV.
TV has been watched by them.
My mother has cooked food.
Food has been cooked by my mother.
Exercise 3
Passive
Active
Rice has been eaten by me.
I have eaten rice.
A book has been read by her.
She has read a book.
Football has been played by him.
He has played football.
Milk has been drunk by us.
We have drunk milk.
TV has been watched by them.
They have watched TV.
Exercise 4
has been
has been
has been
has been
has been
have been
Exercise 5
Passive Positive
Passive Negative
Passive Interrogative
Rice has been eaten by me.
Rice has not been eaten by me.
Has rice been eaten by me?
A book has been read by her.
A book has not been read by her.
Has a book been read by her?
Football has been played by him.
Football has not been played by him.
Has football been played by him?
Milk has been drunk by us.
Milk has not been drunk by us.
Has milk been drunk by us?
TV has been watched by them.
TV has not been watched by them.
Has TV been watched by them?
Exercise 6
Active
Passive
I can have eaten rice.
Rice can have been eaten by me.
She may have sung a song.
A song may have been sung by her.
He must have done his homework.
His homework must have been done by him.
We should have drunk milk.
Milk should have been drunk by us.
They could have played football.
Football could have been played by them.
18. Conclusion
Great job, kids! Today you learned Active-Passive of Present Perfect Tense in full detail. You know the basic structure, positive, negative, interrogative, imperative, optative, exclamatory, modals, and contractions. The passive structure is Object + have/has + been + V3 + by + Subject. For modals, use Object + modal + have been + V3 + by + Subject. You practiced building longer sentences step by step and using phrasal verbs.
Remember:
Use has been + V3 for singular and have been + V3 for plural in Present Perfect passive.
Use Let + object + have been + V3 for imperative.
Use May + object + have been + V3 for optative.
Use modal + have been + V3 for modal passive perfect.
