1. Introduction
প্রিয় শিক্ষার্থী, আজ আমরা ইংরেজি ব্যাকরণের তিনটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Tense—Present Indefinite, Past Indefinite, এবং Future Indefinite—এর তুলনা শিখব এবং কীভাবে খুব সহজে এদের চেনা যায় তা জানব। এই তিনটি Tense আমাদের প্রতিদিনের কাজ বোঝাতে সবচেয়ে বেশি ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন:
- Present Indefinite: I eat rice. – আমি ভাত খাই।
- Past Indefinite: I ate rice. – আমি ভাত খেয়েছিলাম।
- Future Indefinite: I will eat rice. – আমি ভাত খাব।
এই ক্লাসে তোমরা তিনটি Tense-এর গঠন, পার্থক্য, চেনার উপায়, positive, negative, interrogative বাক্য, ধাপে ধাপে বড় বাক্য তৈরি, phrasal verb এবং মজার exercise শিখবে।
Hello, kids! Welcome to ToLearnTeam.com. Today’s topic is Comparison of Present, Past and Future Indefinite and Way of Identification. You will learn how to identify these three tenses, make positive, negative, and interrogative sentences, build longer sentences step by step, and practice with fun exercises.
2. Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
- Identify Present Indefinite, Past Indefinite, and Future Indefinite tenses.
- Know their structures and verb forms.
- Recognize time markers like every day, yesterday, tomorrow.
- Make Positive, Negative, and Interrogative sentences in all three tenses.
- Build longer sentences by adding objects, places, time, and company.
- Learn 30 daily life sentences compared in three tenses with Bangla meaning and pronunciation.
- Practice with fun exercises.
3. What is Indefinite Tense?
Indefinite Tense (সাধারণ কাল) expresses a simple action without showing whether it is continuing or completed. It only tells when the action happens: now, past, or future.
| Tense | Bangla Name | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present Indefinite | সাধারণ বর্তমান | Action happens now/regularly | I eat rice. |
| Past Indefinite | সাধারণ অতীত | Action happened in past | I ate rice. |
| Future Indefinite | সাধারণ ভবিষ্যৎ | Action will happen in future | I will eat rice. |
4. Comparison Chart of Present, Past and Future Indefinite
Here is a comparison chart using the same sentence “I eat rice.”
| Feature | Present Indefinite | Past Indefinite | Future Indefinite |
|---|---|---|---|
| Verb form | base verb (+ s/es for he/she/it) | V2 (past form) | will + base verb |
| Auxiliary for negative | do/does | did | will |
| Auxiliary for question | Do/Does | Did | Will |
| Time markers | every day, always, usually, often | yesterday, last night, ago, last week | tomorrow, next week, soon |
| Example positive | I eat rice. | I ate rice. | I will eat rice. |
| Example negative | I do not eat rice. | I did not eat rice. | I will not eat rice. |
| Example question | Do I eat rice? | Did I eat rice? | Will I eat rice? |
5. Way of Identification (চেনার উপায়)
To identify the indefinite tense, look at verb form and time words.
Present Indefinite Indicators
- Verb is base form or verb + s/es (he/she/it).
- Time words: every day, always, usually, often, sometimes, never.
Examples:
| Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| I play football every day. | আমি প্রতিদিন ফুটবল খেলি। |
| She goes to school. | সে স্কুলে যায়। |
| They always drink milk. | তারা সবসময় দুধ পান করে। |
Past Indefinite Indicators
- Verb is V2 (past form).
- Time words: yesterday, last night, last week, last year, ago.
Examples:
| Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| I played football yesterday. | আমি গতকাল ফুটবল খেলেছিলাম। |
| She went to school last week. | সে গত সপ্তাহে স্কুলে গিয়েছিল। |
| They drank milk last night. | তারা গত রাতে দুধ পান করেছিল। |
Future Indefinite Indicators
- Verb is will + base verb.
- Time words: tomorrow, next week, next month, next year, soon.
Examples:
| Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| I will play football tomorrow. | আমি আগামীকাল ফুটবল খেলব। |
| She will go to school next week. | সে আগামী সপ্তাহে স্কুলে যাবে। |
| They will drink milk soon. | তারা শীঘ্রই দুধ পান করবে। |
6. Structures: Positive, Negative, Interrogative
Present Indefinite Tense
| Type | Structure | Example | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Subject + base verb (+ s/es) + Object | I eat rice. | আমি ভাত খাই। |
| Negative | Subject + do/does + not + base verb + Object | I do not eat rice. | আমি ভাত খাই না। |
| Interrogative | Do/Does + Subject + base verb + Object? | Do I eat rice? | আমি কি ভাত খাই? |
Word-by-word meaning for “I eat rice”:
| Word | Bangla Meaning | Pronunciation (Bangla) |
|---|---|---|
| I | আমি | আই |
| eat | খাওয়া | ইট |
| rice | ভাত | রাইস |
Past Indefinite Tense
| Type | Structure | Example | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Subject + V2 + Object | I ate rice. | আমি ভাত খেয়েছিলাম। |
| Negative | Subject + did + not + base verb + Object | I did not eat rice. | আমি ভাত খাইনি। |
| Interrogative | Did + Subject + base verb + Object? | Did I eat rice? | আমি কি ভাত খেয়েছিলাম? |
Word-by-word meaning for “I ate rice”:
| Word | Bangla Meaning | Pronunciation (Bangla) |
|---|---|---|
| I | আমি | আই |
| ate | খেয়েছিলাম (eat-এর past form) | এইট/এট |
| rice | ভাত | রাইস |
Future Indefinite Tense
| Type | Structure | Example | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Subject + will + base verb + Object | I will eat rice. | আমি ভাত খাব। |
| Negative | Subject + will + not + base verb + Object | I will not eat rice. | আমি ভাত খাব না। |
| Interrogative | Will + Subject + base verb + Object? | Will I eat rice? | আমি কি ভাত খাব? |
Word-by-word meaning for “I will eat rice”:
| Word | Bangla Meaning | Pronunciation (Bangla) |
|---|---|---|
| I | আমি | আই |
| will | সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া (future) | উইল |
| eat | খাওয়া | ইট |
| rice | ভাত | রাইস |
7. 30 Daily Life Sentences in All Three Indefinite Tenses
Here are 30 daily life examples. Each row shows the same action in Present, Past, and Future Indefinite with Bangla meaning.
| # | Present Indefinite | Past Indefinite | Future Indefinite | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I eat rice. | I ate rice. | I will eat rice. | আমি ভাত খাই / খেয়েছিলাম / খাব। |
| 2 | I drink milk. | I drank milk. | I will drink milk. | আমি দুধ পান করি / করেছিলাম / করব। |
| 3 | I go to school. | I went to school. | I will go to school. | আমি স্কুলে যাই / গিয়েছিলাম / যাব। |
| 4 | I play football. | I played football. | I will play football. | আমি ফুটবল খেলি / খেলেছিলাম / খেলব। |
| 5 | I read a book. | I read a book. | I will read a book. | আমি একটি বই পড়ি / পড়েছিলাম / পড়ব। |
| 6 | She sings a song. | She sang a song. | She will sing a song. | সে একটি গান গায় / গেয়েছিল / গাইবে। |
| 7 | She cooks food. | She cooked food. | She will cook food. | সে খাবার রান্না করে / করেছিল / করবে। |
| 8 | She waters the plants. | She watered the plants. | She will water the plants. | সে গাছে পানি দেয় / দিয়েছিল / দেবে। |
| 9 | He plays cricket. | He played cricket. | He will play cricket. | সে ক্রিকেট খেলে / খেলেছিল / খেলবে। |
| 10 | He rides a bicycle. | He rode a bicycle. | He will ride a bicycle. | সে সাইকেল চালায় / চালিয়েছিল / চালাবে। |
| 11 | He writes a letter. | He wrote a letter. | He will write a letter. | সে একটি চিঠি লেখে / লিখেছিল / লিখবে। |
| 12 | It drinks milk. | It drank milk. | It will drink milk. | এটি দুধ পান করে / করেছিল / করবে। |
| 13 | The cat sleeps. | The cat slept. | The cat will sleep. | বিড়ালটি ঘুমায় / ঘুমিয়েছিল / ঘুমাবে। |
| 14 | The dog barks. | The dog barked. | The dog will bark. | কুকুরটি ঘেউ ঘেউ করে / করেছিল / করবে। |
| 15 | The sun rises. | The sun rose. | The sun will rise. | সূর্য ওঠে / উঠেছিল / উঠবে। |
| 16 | The birds fly. | The birds flew. | The birds will fly. | পাখিরা উড়ে / উড়েছিল / উড়বে। |
| 17 | We drink milk. | We drank milk. | We will drink milk. | আমরা দুধ পান করি / করেছিলাম / করব। |
| 18 | We clean the house. | We cleaned the house. | We will clean the house. | আমরা ঘর পরিষ্কার করি / করেছিলাম / করব। |
| 19 | We play in the park. | We played in the park. | We will play in the park. | আমরা পার্কে খেলি / খেলেছিলাম / খেলব। |
| 20 | They watch TV. | They watched TV. | They will watch TV. | তারা টিভি দেখে / দেখেছিল / দেখবে। |
| 21 | They go to school. | They went to school. | They will go to school. | তারা স্কুলে যায় / গিয়েছিল / যাবে। |
| 22 | My mother cooks delicious food. | My mother cooked delicious food. | My mother will cook delicious food. | আমার মা সুস্বাদু খাবার রান্না করেন / করেছিলেন / করবেন। |
| 23 | My father reads newspaper. | My father read newspaper. | My father will read newspaper. | আমার বাবা খবরের কাগজ পড়েন / পড়েছিলেন / পড়বেন। |
| 24 | My sister draws a picture. | My sister drew a picture. | My sister will draw a picture. | আমার বোন একটি ছবি আঁকে / এঁকেছিল / আঁকবে। |
| 25 | My brother sleeps early. | My brother slept early. | My brother will sleep early. | আমার ভাই তাড়াতাড়ি ঘুমায় / ঘুমিয়েছিল / ঘুমাবে। |
| 26 | The teacher speaks English. | The teacher spoke English. | The teacher will speak English. | শিক্ষক ইংরেজি বলেন / বলেছিলেন / বলবেন। |
| 27 | The baby cries. | The baby cried. | The baby will cry. | শিশুটি কাঁদে / কেঁদেছিল / কাঁদবে। |
| 28 | I help my mother. | I helped my mother. | I will help my mother. | আমি আমার মাকে সাহায্য করি / করেছিলাম / করব। |
| 29 | You watch TV. | You watched TV. | You will watch TV. | তুমি টিভি দেখো / দেখেছিলে / দেখবে। |
| 30 | We learn English. | We learned English. | We will learn English. | আমরা ইংরেজি শিখি / শিখেছিলাম / শিখব। |
8. Word Power: Meaning & Bangla Pronunciation
Here is vocabulary related to the three indefinite tenses.
| English Word | Part of Speech | Bangla Meaning | Pronunciation (Bangla) |
|---|---|---|---|
| eat / ate / eaten | Verb | খাওয়া | ইট / এইট / ইটেন |
| drink / drank / drunk | Verb | পান করা | ড্রিংক / ড্র্যাংক / ড্রাংক |
| go / went / gone | Verb | যাওয়া | গো / ওয়েন্ট / গন |
| play / played / played | Verb | খেলা | প্লে / প্লেড / প্লেড |
| read / read / read | Verb | পড়া | রিড / রেড / রেড |
| sing / sang / sung | Verb | গান গাওয়া | সিং / স্যাং / সাং |
| cook / cooked / cooked | Verb | রান্না করা | কুক / কুকড / কুকড |
| water / watered / watered | Verb | পানি দেওয়া | ওয়াটার / ওয়াটারড / ওয়াটারড |
| ride / rode / ridden | Verb | চালানো | রাইড / রোড / রিডেন |
| write / wrote / written | Verb | লেখা | রাইট / রোট / রিটেন |
| sleep / slept / slept | Verb | ঘুমানো | স্লিপ / স্লেপ্ট / স্লেপ্ট |
| bark / barked / barked | Verb | ঘেউ ঘেউ করা | বার্ক / বার্কড / বার্কড |
| rise / rose / risen | Verb | ওঠা | রাইজ / রোজ / রিজেন |
| fly / flew / flown | Verb | উড়া | ফ্লাই / ফ্লু / ফ্লোন |
| clean / cleaned / cleaned | Verb | পরিষ্কার করা | ক্লিন / ক্লিনড / ক্লিনড |
| watch / watched / watched | Verb | দেখা | ওয়াচ / ওয়াচড / ওয়াচড |
| learn / learned / learned | Verb | শেখা | লার্ন / লার্নড / লার্নড |
| help / helped / helped | Verb | সাহায্য করা | হেল্প / হেল্পড / হেল্পড |
| speak / spoke / spoken | Verb | বলা | স্পিক / স্পোক / স্পোকেন |
| cry / cried / cried | Verb | কাঁদা | ক্রাই / ক্রাইড / ক্রাইড |
| do | Auxiliary Verb | সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া | ডু |
| does | Auxiliary Verb | সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া | ডাজ |
| did | Auxiliary Verb | সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া (past) | ডিড |
| will | Modal Verb | সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া (future) | উইল |
| not | Adverb | না | নট |
| every day | Adverb Phrase | প্রতিদিন | এভরি ডে |
| yesterday | Adverb | গতকাল | ইয়েস্টারডে |
| tomorrow | Adverb | আগামীকাল | টুমরো |
| always | Adverb | সবসময় | অলওয়েজ |
| usually | Adverb | সাধারণত | ইউজুয়ালি |
| often | Adverb | প্রায়ই | অফেন |
| last night | Adverb Phrase | গত রাতে | লাস্ট নাইট |
| last week | Adverb Phrase | গত সপ্তাহ | লাস্ট উইক |
| next week | Adverb Phrase | আগামী সপ্তাহ | নেক্সট উইক |
| soon | Adverb | শীঘ্রই | সুন |
| ago | Adverb | আগে | অ্যাগো |
9. Phrasal Verbs in Indefinite Tenses
Phrasal verbs can be used in Present, Past, and Future Indefinite. Here are useful examples.
| Phrasal Verb | Bangla Meaning | Present Indefinite | Past Indefinite | Future Indefinite |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| wake up | ঘুম থেকে ওঠা | I wake up at 6. | I woke up at 6. | I will wake up at 6. |
| get up | বিছানা ছেড়ে ওঠা | She gets up early. | She got up early. | She will get up early. |
| sit down | বসা | They sit down. | They sat down. | They will sit down. |
| stand up | দাঁড়ানো | He stands up. | He stood up. | He will stand up. |
| put on | পরা | She puts on her shoes. | She put on her shoes. | She will put on her shoes. |
| take off | খোলা | He takes off his hat. | He took off his hat. | He will take off his hat. |
| turn on | চালু করা | Father turns on the fan. | Father turned on the fan. | Father will turn on the fan. |
| turn off | বন্ধ করা | Mother turns off the TV. | Mother turned off the TV. | Mother will turn off the TV. |
| look for | খোঁজা | I look for my pencil. | I looked for my pencil. | I will look for my pencil. |
| look after | যত্ন নেওয়া | She looks after her brother. | She looked after her brother. | She will look after her brother. |
| pick up | কুড়িয়ে নেওয়া | He picks up the ball. | He picked up the ball. | He will pick up the ball. |
| clean up | পরিষ্কার করা | We clean up the room. | We cleaned up the room. | We will clean up the room. |
| give up | ছেড়ে দেওয়া | She gives up junk food. | She gave up junk food. | She will give up junk food. |
| come back | ফিরে আসা | He comes back home. | He came back home. | He will come back home. |
| go out | বাইরে যাওয়া | They go out to play. | They went out to play. | They will go out to play. |
10. Make Sentences Larger Step by Step
Kids can make sentences larger in all three indefinite tenses by adding extra objects, places, time, and company.
Example 1: Build Present Indefinite “I eat rice.”
| Step | Sentence | What is Added | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I eat rice. | Basic | আমি ভাত খাই। |
| 2 | I eat rice and fish. | Extra object | আমি ভাত ও মাছ খাই। |
| 3 | I eat rice and fish at noon every day. | Time | আমি প্রতিদিন দুপুরে ভাত ও মাছ খাই। |
| 4 | I eat rice and fish at noon every day in the kitchen. | Place | আমি প্রতিদিন দুপুরে রান্নাঘরে ভাত ও মাছ খাই। |
| 5 | I eat rice and fish at noon every day in the kitchen with my family. | Company | আমি প্রতিদিন দুপুরে রান্নাঘরে আমার পরিবারের সঙ্গে ভাত ও মাছ খাই। |
Example 2: Build Past Indefinite “She read a book.”
| Step | Sentence | What is Added | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She read a book. | Basic | সে একটি বই পড়েছিল। |
| 2 | She read a storybook. | Specific object | সে একটি গল্পের বই পড়েছিল। |
| 3 | She read an interesting storybook last night. | Adjective + Time | সে গত রাতে একটি মজার গল্পের বই পড়েছিল। |
| 4 | She read an interesting storybook last night in her room. | Place | সে গত রাতে তার ঘরে একটি মজার গল্পের বই পড়েছিল। |
| 5 | She read an interesting storybook last night in her room with her sister. | Company | সে গত রাতে তার ঘরে তার বোনের সঙ্গে একটি মজার গল্পের বই পড়েছিল। |
Example 3: Build Future Indefinite “He will play football.”
| Step | Sentence | What is Added | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He will play football. | Basic | সে ফুটবল খেলবে। |
| 2 | He will play football tomorrow. | Time | সে আগামীকাল ফুটবল খেলবে। |
| 3 | He will play football tomorrow in the field. | Place | সে আগামীকাল মাঠে ফুটবল খেলবে। |
| 4 | He will play football tomorrow in the big field. | Adjective | সে আগামীকাল বড় মাঠে ফুটবল খেলবে। |
| 5 | He will play football tomorrow in the big field with his friends. | Company | সে আগামীকাল বড় মাঠে তার বন্ধুদের সঙ্গে ফুটবল খেলবে। |
11. Negative and WH Question Examples
Negative Sentences in Three Indefinite Tenses
| Present Negative | Past Negative | Future Negative | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| I do not eat rice. | I did not eat rice. | I will not eat rice. | আমি ভাত খাই না / খাইনি / খাব না। |
| She does not sing. | She did not sing. | She will not sing. | সে গান গায় না / গায়নি / গাইবে না। |
| He does not play. | He did not play. | He will not play. | সে খেলে না / খেলেনি / খেলবে না। |
| We do not drink milk. | We did not drink milk. | We will not drink milk. | আমরা দুধ পান করি না / করিনি / করব না। |
| They do not watch TV. | They did not watch TV. | They will not watch TV. | তারা টিভি দেখে না / দেখেনি / দেখবে না। |
Interrogative Sentences in Three Indefinite Tenses
| Present Question | Past Question | Future Question | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Do you eat rice? | Did you eat rice? | Will you eat rice? | তুমি কি ভাত খাও / খেয়েছিলে / খাবে? |
| Does she sing? | Did she sing? | Will she sing? | সে কি গান গায় / গেয়েছিল / গাইবে? |
| Does he play? | Did he play? | Will he play? | সে কি খেলে / খেলেছিল / খেলবে? |
| Do we drink milk? | Did we drink milk? | Will we drink milk? | আমরা কি দুধ পান করি / করেছিলাম / করব? |
| Do they watch TV? | Did they watch TV? | Will they watch TV? | তারা কি টিভি দেখে / দেখেছিল / দেখবে? |
WH Questions in Three Indefinite Tenses
| WH Word | Present | Past | Future |
|---|---|---|---|
| What | What do you eat? | What did you eat? | What will you eat? |
| Where | Where do you live? | Where did you live? | Where will you live? |
| When | When do you wake up? | When did you wake up? | When will you wake up? |
| Why | Why do you cry? | Why did you cry? | Why will you cry? |
| How | How do you go to school? | How did you go to school? | How will you go to school? |
| Which | Which book do you read? | Which book did you read? | Which book will you read? |
12. Exercise Section
Exercise 1: Identify the Tense
Write Present Indefinite, Past Indefinite, or Future Indefinite for each sentence.
| Sentence | Tense |
|---|---|
| I eat rice. | |
| I ate rice. | |
| I will eat rice. | |
| She sings a song. | |
| She sang a song. | |
| She will sing a song. | |
| They played football. | |
| They will play football. | |
| We drink milk every day. | |
| We drank milk yesterday. |
Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks with Correct Verb Form
Fill in with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- I ______ (eat) rice every day.
- I ______ (eat) rice yesterday.
- I ______ (eat) rice tomorrow.
- She ______ (sing) a song now.
- She ______ (sing) a song last night.
- She ______ (sing) a song next week.
- They ______ (play) football yesterday.
- They ______ (play) football tomorrow.
Exercise 3: Change Positive to Negative and Interrogative
| Positive | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I eat rice. | ||
| She sang a song. | ||
| They will play football. | ||
| He goes to school. | ||
| We watched TV. |
Exercise 4: Make Sentences Larger Step by Step
Start with “I eat rice.” and add words step by step.
Example: I eat rice. → I eat rice and fish. → I eat rice and fish at noon. → I eat rice and fish at noon in the kitchen.
Now try with “She read a book.”
Exercise 5: Match the Time Word with Tense
| Time Word | Tense |
|---|---|
| 1. every day | a. Future Indefinite |
| 2. yesterday | b. Present Indefinite |
| 3. tomorrow | c. Past Indefinite |
| 4. last week | d. Past Indefinite |
| 5. next month | e. Future Indefinite |
Exercise 6: Write Your Own
Write one positive, one negative, and one interrogative sentence for each Indefinite Tense (Present, Past, Future). Total 9 sentences.
13. Answer Key
Exercise 1
| Sentence | Tense |
|---|---|
| I eat rice. | Present Indefinite |
| I ate rice. | Past Indefinite |
| I will eat rice. | Future Indefinite |
| She sings a song. | Present Indefinite |
| She sang a song. | Past Indefinite |
| She will sing a song. | Future Indefinite |
| They played football. | Past Indefinite |
| They will play football. | Future Indefinite |
| We drink milk every day. | Present Indefinite |
| We drank milk yesterday. | Past Indefinite |
Exercise 2
- eat
- ate
- will eat
- sings
- sang
- will sing
- played
- will play
Exercise 3
| Positive | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I eat rice. | I do not eat rice. | Do I eat rice? |
| She sang a song. | She did not sing a song. | Did she sing a song? |
| They will play football. | They will not play football. | Will they play football? |
| He goes to school. | He does not go to school. | Does he go to school? |
| We watched TV. | We did not watch TV. | Did we watch TV? |
Exercise 4
(Student’s own answer. Example: She read a book. → She read a storybook. → She read an interesting storybook. → She read an interesting storybook last night. → She read an interesting storybook last night in her room.)
Exercise 5
1 → b
2 → c
3 → a
4 → d
5 → e
Exercise 6
(Student’s own answer.)
14. Conclusion
Great job, kids! Today you learned the Comparison of Present, Past and Future Indefinite Tense and Way of Identification. You know that Present Indefinite uses base verb (+ s/es), Past Indefinite uses V2, and Future Indefinite uses will + base verb. You also learned time markers like every day, yesterday, tomorrow. You practiced making positive, negative, and interrogative sentences, built longer sentences step by step, and used phrasal verbs.
Remember:
- Look at the verb form and time word to identify the tense.
- do/does = Present, did = Past, will = Future.
- Practice every day to remember the differences.
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