1. Introduction
প্রিয় শিক্ষার্থী, আজ আমরা ইংরেজি ব্যাকরণের গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি Tense শিখব—Past Perfect Tense (পুরাঘটিত অতীত কাল)। এই Tense দিয়ে বোঝানো হয় অতীতে দুটি কাজের মধ্যে যে কাজটি আগে শেষ হয়েছিল। যেমন:
- I had eaten rice before he came. – সে আসার আগে আমি ভাত খেয়ে ফেলেছিলাম।
- She had finished her homework before dinner. – রাতের খাবারের আগে সে তার বাড়ির কাজ শেষ করেছিল।
- They had left before I arrived. – আমি পৌঁছানোর আগে তারা চলে গিয়েছিল।
এই ক্লাসে তোমরা Past Perfect Tense-এর গঠন, ব্যবহার, positive, negative, interrogative বাক্য, ধাপে ধাপে বড় বাক্য তৈরি, phrasal verb এবং মজার exercise শিখবে।
Hello, kids! Welcome to ToLearnTeam.com. Today’s topic is Past Perfect Tense. You will learn how to talk about actions that happened before another past action, make positive, negative, and interrogative sentences, build longer sentences step by step, and practice with fun exercises.
2. Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
- Understand what Past Perfect Tense is.
- Know its structure: Subject + had + past participle (V3).
- Use had for all subjects.
- Make Positive, Negative, and Interrogative sentences.
- Understand the order of past actions.
- Build longer sentences by adding objects, places, time, and company.
- Learn 30 daily life examples with Bangla meaning and pronunciation.
- Practice with fun exercises.
3. What is Past Perfect Tense?
Past Perfect Tense (পুরাঘটিত অতীত কাল) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or a specific time in the past.
Examples:
| Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| I had eaten rice before he came. | সে আসার আগে আমি ভাত খেয়ে ফেলেছিলাম। |
| She had finished her homework before dinner. | রাতের খাবারের আগে সে তার বাড়ির কাজ শেষ করেছিল। |
| He had left before I arrived. | আমি পৌঁছানোর আগে সে চলে গিয়েছিল। |
| We had drunk milk before bed. | ঘুমানোর আগে আমরা দুধ পান করেছিলাম। |
| They had gone home before it rained. | বৃষ্টি হওয়ার আগে তারা বাড়ি গিয়েছিল। |
Important:
- Use had with all subjects (I, You, He, She, It, We, They).
- Use past participle (V3) of the main verb.
- Often used with words like before, after, when, already, just.
4. Structure of Past Perfect Tense
Rule 1: Positive Sentence (Affirmative)
Subject + had + past participle (V3) + Object/Complement
| Subject | Auxiliary | Past Participle | Object | Full Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | had | eaten | rice | I had eaten rice. | আমি ভাত খেয়ে ফেলেছিলাম। |
| You | had | finished | homework | You had finished homework. | তুমি বাড়ির কাজ শেষ করেছিলে। |
| He | had | played | football | He had played football. | সে ফুটবল খেলেছিল। |
| She | had | sung | a song | She had sung a song. | সে একটি গান গেয়েছিল। |
| It | had | drunk | milk | It had drunk milk. | এটি দুধ পান করেছিল। |
| We | had | watched | TV | We had watched TV. | আমরা টিভি দেখেছিলাম। |
| They | had | left | home | They had left home. | তারা বাড়ি ছেড়ে গিয়েছিল। |
Rule 2: Negative Sentence
Subject + had + not + past participle (V3) + Object
| Positive | Negative | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I had eaten rice. | I had not eaten rice. | আমি ভাত খাইনি। |
| She had finished her work. | She had not finished her work. | সে তার কাজ শেষ করেনি। |
| He had played football. | He had not played football. | সে ফুটবল খেলেনি। |
| We had drunk milk. | We had not drunk milk. | আমরা দুধ পান করিনি। |
| They had gone home. | They had not gone home. | তারা বাড়ি যায়নি। |
Rule 3: Interrogative Sentence
Had + Subject + past participle (V3) + Object + ?
| Interrogative | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| Had I eaten rice? | আমি কি ভাত খেয়ে ফেলেছিলাম? |
| Had she finished her work? | সে কি তার কাজ শেষ করেছিল? |
| Had he played football? | সে কি ফুটবল খেলেছিল? |
| Had we drunk milk? | আমরা কি দুধ পান করেছিলাম? |
| Had they gone home? | তারা কি বাড়ি গিয়েছিল? |
Rule 4: Interrogative-Negative Sentence
Had + Subject + not + past participle + Object + ? or Hadn’t + Subject + past participle + Object + ?
| Interrogative-Negative | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| Had you not eaten rice? / Hadn’t you eaten rice? | তুমি কি ভাত খাওনি? |
| Had she not finished? / Hadn’t she finished? | সে কি শেষ করেনি? |
| Had they not gone? / Hadn’t they gone? | তারা কি যায়নি? |
5. Uses of Past Perfect Tense
We use Past Perfect Tense for:
5.1 Action completed before another past action (অতীতে দুটি কাজের আগে শেষ হওয়া কাজ)
| Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| I had eaten rice before he came. | সে আসার আগে আমি ভাত খেয়ে ফেলেছিলাম। |
| She had finished her work before dinner. | রাতের খাবারের আগে সে তার কাজ শেষ করেছিল। |
| He had left before I arrived. | আমি পৌঁছানোর আগে সে চলে গিয়েছিল। |
5.2 Action completed before a specific time in the past (অতীতে নির্দিষ্ট সময়ের আগে শেষ হওয়া কাজ)
| Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| By 8 o’clock, she had finished her homework. | ৮টার মধ্যে সে তার বাড়ির কাজ শেষ করেছিল। |
| They had reached home by sunset. | সূর্যাস্তের মধ্যে তারা বাড়ি পৌঁছেছিল। |
5.3 To show cause and effect in the past (অতীতে কারণ-ফল সম্পর্ক)
| Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| He was happy because he had won the prize. | সে খুশি ছিল কারণ সে পুরস্কার জিতেছিল। |
| She was tired because she had worked hard. | সে ক্লান্ত ছিল কারণ সে কঠোর পরিশ্রম করেছিল। |
6. Positive, Negative, Interrogative Sentences
Here you will learn the three forms with examples.
Positive
| Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| I had eaten rice. | আমি ভাত খেয়ে ফেলেছিলাম। |
| You had read a book. | তুমি একটি বই পড়ে ফেলেছিলে। |
| He had played football. | সে ফুটবল খেলেছিল। |
| She had sung a song. | সে একটি গান গেয়েছিল। |
| It had drunk milk. | এটি দুধ পান করেছিল। |
| We had watched TV. | আমরা টিভি দেখেছিলাম। |
| They had left home. | তারা বাড়ি ছেড়ে গিয়েছিল। |
Negative
| Positive | Negative | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I had eaten rice. | I had not eaten rice. | আমি ভাত খাইনি। |
| You had read a book. | You had not read a book. | তুমি একটি বই পড়োনি। |
| He had played football. | He had not played football. | সে ফুটবল খেলেনি। |
| She had sung a song. | She had not sung a song. | সে একটি গান গায়নি। |
| It had drunk milk. | It had not drunk milk. | এটি দুধ পান করেনি। |
| We had watched TV. | We had not watched TV. | আমরা টিভি দেখিনি। |
| They had left home. | They had not left home. | তারা বাড়ি ছেড়ে যায়নি। |
Interrogative
| Interrogative | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| Had I eaten rice? | আমি কি ভাত খেয়ে ফেলেছিলাম? |
| Had you read a book? | তুমি কি একটি বই পড়ে ফেলেছিলে? |
| Had he played football? | সে কি ফুটবল খেলেছিল? |
| Had she sung a song? | সে কি একটি গান গেয়েছিল? |
| Had it drunk milk? | এটি কি দুধ পান করেছিল? |
| Had we watched TV? | আমরা কি টিভি দেখেছিলাম? |
| Had they left home? | তারা কি বাড়ি ছেড়ে গিয়েছিল? |
7. Past Perfect vs Present Perfect vs Simple Past
It helps to compare Past Perfect with related tenses.
| Tense | Structure | Example | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present Perfect | Subject + have/has + V3 | I have eaten rice. | আমি ভাত খেয়েছি। |
| Past Simple | Subject + V2 | I ate rice. | আমি ভাত খেয়েছিলাম। |
| Past Perfect | Subject + had + V3 | I had eaten rice before he came. | সে আসার আগে আমি ভাত খেয়ে ফেলেছিলাম। |
Difference:
- Present Perfect: Action has a connection to now.
- Past Simple: Action finished at a specific past time.
- Past Perfect: Action finished before another past action or time.
Examples:
| Tense | Positive | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present Perfect | She has eaten. | She has not eaten. | Has she eaten? |
| Past Simple | She ate. | She did not eat. | Did she eat? |
| Past Perfect | She had eaten. | She had not eaten. | Had she eaten? |
8. 30 Daily Life Examples with Bangla Meaning
Here are 30 daily life examples in Past Perfect Tense. Each has Bangla meaning.
| # | Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I had eaten rice before he came. | সে আসার আগে আমি ভাত খেয়ে ফেলেছিলাম। |
| 2 | I had drunk milk before bed. | ঘুমানোর আগে আমি দুধ পান করেছিলাম। |
| 3 | I had finished my homework before dinner. | রাতের খাবারের আগে আমি বাড়ির কাজ শেষ করেছিলাম। |
| 4 | I had read the book before the exam. | পরীক্ষার আগে আমি বইটি পড়ে ফেলেছিলাম। |
| 5 | I had brushed my teeth before breakfast. | নাস্তার আগে আমি দাঁত ব্রাশ করেছিলাম। |
| 6 | You had played football before it rained. | বৃষ্টি হওয়ার আগে তুমি ফুটবল খেলেছিলে। |
| 7 | You had watched TV before mother came. | মা আসার আগে তুমি টিভি দেখেছিলে। |
| 8 | She had sung a song before the program started. | অনুষ্ঠান শুরু হওয়ার আগে সে একটি গান গেয়েছিল। |
| 9 | She had cooked food before the guests arrived. | অতিথিরা আসার আগে সে খাবার রান্না করেছিল। |
| 10 | She had watered the plants before noon. | দুপুরের আগে সে গাছে পানি দিয়েছিল। |
| 11 | He had played cricket before lunch. | দুপুরের খাবারের আগে সে ক্রিকেট খেলেছিল। |
| 12 | He had ridden a bicycle before sunset. | সূর্যাস্তের আগে সে সাইকেল চালিয়েছিল। |
| 13 | He had written a letter before I called. | আমি ডাকার আগে সে একটি চিঠি লিখেছিল। |
| 14 | It had drunk milk before sleeping. | ঘুমানোর আগে এটি দুধ পান করেছিল। |
| 15 | The cat had slept under the table before I came. | আমি আসার আগে বিড়ালটি টেবিলের নিচে ঘুমিয়েছিল। |
| 16 | The dog had barked before the stranger left. | অপরিচিত লোকটি চলে যাওয়ার আগে কুকুরটি ঘেউ ঘেউ করেছিল। |
| 17 | The sun had risen before we woke up. | আমরা ঘুম থেকে ওঠার আগে সূর্য উঠেছিল। |
| 18 | The birds had flown away before the storm. | ঝড়ের আগে পাখিরা উড়ে গিয়েছিল। |
| 19 | We had drunk milk before school. | স্কুলের আগে আমরা দুধ পান করেছিলাম। |
| 20 | We had cleaned the house before the party. | পার্টির আগে আমরা ঘর পরিষ্কার করেছিলাম। |
| 21 | We had played in the park before evening. | সন্ধ্যার আগে আমরা পার্কে খেলেছিলাম। |
| 22 | They had watched TV before dinner. | রাতের খাবারের আগে তারা টিভি দেখেছিল। |
| 23 | They had gone to school before 9 o’clock. | ৯টার আগে তারা স্কুলে গিয়েছিল। |
| 24 | My mother had cooked delicious food before we returned. | আমরা ফেরার আগে আমার মা সুস্বাদু খাবার রান্না করেছিলেন। |
| 25 | My father had read the newspaper before breakfast. | সকালের নাস্তার আগে আমার বাবা খবরের কাগজ পড়েছিলেন। |
| 26 | My sister had drawn a picture before class. | ক্লাসের আগে আমার বোন একটি ছবি এঁকেছিল। |
| 27 | My brother had slept before we arrived. | আমরা পৌঁছানোর আগে আমার ভাই ঘুমিয়েছিল। |
| 28 | The teacher had spoken English before the bell rang. | ঘণ্টা বাজার আগে শিক্ষক ইংরেজি বলেছিলেন। |
| 29 | The baby had cried before the mother came. | মা আসার আগে শিশুটি কেঁদেছিল। |
| 30 | I had not eaten rice before he came. | সে আসার আগে আমি ভাত খাইনি। |
9. Word Power: Meaning & Bangla Pronunciation
Here is vocabulary related to Past Perfect Tense, including common past participles (V3).
| English Word | Part of Speech | Bangla Meaning | Pronunciation (Bangla) |
|---|---|---|---|
| had | Auxiliary Verb | ছিল/করেছিল | হ্যাড |
| not | Adverb | না | নট |
| eaten | Verb (V3) | খেয়েছে | ইটেন |
| drunk | Verb (V3) | পান করেছে | ড্রাংক |
| played | Verb (V3) | খেলেছে | প্লেড |
| read | Verb (V3) | পড়েছে | রেড |
| sung | Verb (V3) | গেয়েছে | সাং |
| cooked | Verb (V3) | রান্না করেছে | কুকড |
| watched | Verb (V3) | দেখেছে | ওয়াচড |
| written | Verb (V3) | লিখেছে | রিটেন |
| ridden | Verb (V3) | চালিয়েছে | রিডেন |
| watered | Verb (V3) | পানি দিয়েছে | ওয়াটারড |
| drawn | Verb (V3) | এঁকেছে | ড্রন |
| slept | Verb (V3) | ঘুমিয়েছে | স্লেপ্ট |
| barked | Verb (V3) | ঘেউ ঘেউ করেছে | বার্কড |
| risen | Verb (V3) | উঠেছে | রিজেন |
| flown | Verb (V3) | উড়েছে | ফ্লোন |
| cleaned | Verb (V3) | পরিষ্কার করেছে | ক্লিনড |
| gone | Verb (V3) | গেছে | গন |
| cried | Verb (V3) | কেঁদেছে | ক্রাইড |
| spoken | Verb (V3) | বলেছে | স্পোকেন |
| finished | Verb (V3) | শেষ করেছে | ফিনিশড |
| done | Verb (V3) | করেছে | ডান |
| before | Conjunction/Preposition | আগে | বিফোর |
| after | Conjunction/Preposition | পরে | আফটার |
| when | Conjunction | যখন | হোয়েন |
| already | Adverb | ইতিমধ্যে | অলরেডি |
| just | Adverb | এই মাত্র | জাস্ট |
| by | Preposition | মধ্যে/দ্বারা | বাই |
| homework | Noun | বাড়ির কাজ | হোমওয়ার্ক |
| book | Noun | বই | বুক |
| rice | Noun | ভাত | রাইস |
| milk | Noun | দুধ | মিল্ক |
| football | Noun | ফুটবল | ফুটবল |
| cricket | Noun | ক্রিকেট | ক্রিকেট |
| TV | Noun | টিভি | টিভি |
| song | Noun | গান | সং |
| letter | Noun | চিঠি | লেটার |
| bicycle | Noun | সাইকেল | বাইসাইকেল |
| plants | Noun | গাছ | প্ল্যান্টস |
| cat | Noun | বিড়াল | ক্যাট |
| dog | Noun | কুকুর | ডগ |
| sun | Noun | সূর্য | সান |
| birds | Noun | পাখি | বার্ডস |
| sky | Noun | আকাশ | স্কাই |
| school | Noun | স্কুল | স্কুল |
| house | Noun | ঘর | হাউস |
| park | Noun | পার্ক | পার্ক |
| mother | Noun | মা | মাদার |
| father | Noun | বাবা | ফাদার |
| sister | Noun | বোন | সিস্টার |
| brother | Noun | ভাই | ব্রাদার |
| teacher | Noun | শিক্ষক | টিচার |
| baby | Noun | শিশু | বেবি |
| guests | Noun | অতিথি | গেস্টস |
| stranger | Noun | অপরিচিত | স্ট্রেঞ্জার |
10. Phrasal Verbs in Past Perfect Tense
Phrasal verbs can be used in Past Perfect. Here are useful examples.
| Phrasal Verb | Bangla Meaning | Example Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| wake up | ঘুম থেকে ওঠা | I had woken up before the alarm rang. | অ্যালার্ম বাজার আগে আমি ঘুম থেকে উঠেছিলাম। |
| get up | বিছানা ছেড়ে ওঠা | She had got up before sunrise. | সূর্যোদয়ের আগে সে বিছানা ছেড়ে উঠেছিল। |
| sit down | বসা | They had sat down before the teacher came. | শিক্ষক আসার আগে তারা বসে গিয়েছিল। |
| stand up | দাঁড়ানো | He had stood up before the national anthem. | জাতীয় সংগীতের আগে সে দাঁড়িয়ে গিয়েছিল। |
| put on | পরা | She had put on her shoes before going out. | বাইরে যাওয়ার আগে সে তার জুতা পরে নিয়েছিল। |
| take off | খোলা | He had taken off his hat before entering. | প্রবেশের আগে সে তার টুপি খুলে নিয়েছিল। |
| turn on | চালু করা | Father had turned on the fan before we arrived. | আমরা পৌঁছানোর আগে বাবা ফ্যান চালু করেছিলেন। |
| turn off | বন্ধ করা | Mother had turned off the TV before dinner. | রাতের খাবারের আগে মা টিভি বন্ধ করেছিলেন। |
| look for | খোঁজা | I had looked for my pencil before class started. | ক্লাস শুরু হওয়ার আগে আমি আমার পেন্সিল খুঁজেছিলাম। |
| look after | যত্ন নেওয়া | She had looked after her brother before mother came. | মা আসার আগে সে তার ভাইয়ের যত্ন নিয়েছিল। |
| pick up | কুড়িয়ে নেওয়া | He had picked up the ball before the game. | খেলার আগে সে বলটি কুড়িয়ে নিয়েছিল। |
| clean up | পরিষ্কার করা | We had cleaned up the room before guests came. | অতিথিরা আসার আগে আমরা ঘর পরিষ্কার করেছিলাম। |
| give up | ছেড়ে দেওয়া | She had given up junk food before the diet. | ডায়েটের আগে সে জাঙ্ক ফুড ছেড়ে দিয়েছিল। |
| come back | ফিরে আসা | He had come back home before sunset. | সূর্যাস্তের আগে সে বাড়ি ফিরে এসেছিল। |
| go out | বাইরে যাওয়া | They had gone out to play before it rained. | বৃষ্টি হওয়ার আগে তারা বাইরে খেলতে গিয়েছিল। |
11. Make Sentences Larger Step by Step
Kids can make Past Perfect sentences larger by adding extra objects, places, time, and company.
Example 1: Build “I had eaten rice.”
| Step | Sentence | What is Added | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I had eaten rice. | Basic | আমি ভাত খেয়ে ফেলেছিলাম। |
| 2 | I had eaten rice and fish. | Extra object | আমি ভাত ও মাছ খেয়ে ফেলেছিলাম। |
| 3 | I had eaten rice and fish before noon. | Time (before) | আমি দুপুরের আগে ভাত ও মাছ খেয়ে ফেলেছিলাম। |
| 4 | I had eaten rice and fish before noon in the kitchen. | Place | আমি দুপুরের আগে রান্নাঘরে ভাত ও মাছ খেয়ে ফেলেছিলাম। |
| 5 | I had eaten rice and fish before noon in the kitchen with my family. | Company | আমি দুপুরের আগে রান্নাঘরে আমার পরিবারের সঙ্গে ভাত ও মাছ খেয়ে ফেলেছিলাম। |
Word-by-word meaning for Step 5:
| Word | Bangla Meaning | Pronunciation (Bangla) |
|---|---|---|
| I | আমি | আই |
| had | করেছিলাম (auxiliary) | হ্যাড |
| eaten | খেয়ে ফেলেছিলাম (V3) | ইটেন |
| rice | ভাত | রাইস |
| and | এবং | অ্যান্ড |
| fish | মাছ | ফিশ |
| before | আগে | বিফোর |
| noon | দুপুর | নুন |
| in | এ/তে | ইন |
| the | টি | দি |
| kitchen | রান্নাঘর | কিচেন |
| with | সঙ্গে | উইথ |
| my | আমার | মাই |
| family | পরিবার | ফ্যামিলি |
Example 2: Build “She had read a book.”
| Step | Sentence | What is Added | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She had read a book. | Basic | সে একটি বই পড়ে ফেলেছিল। |
| 2 | She had read a storybook. | Specific object | সে একটি গল্পের বই পড়ে ফেলেছিল। |
| 3 | She had read an interesting storybook. | Adjective | সে একটি মজার গল্পের বই পড়ে ফেলেছিল। |
| 4 | She had read an interesting storybook before bed. | Time | ঘুমানোর আগে সে একটি মজার গল্পের বই পড়ে ফেলেছিল। |
| 5 | She had read an interesting storybook before bed in her room. | Place | ঘুমানোর আগে সে তার ঘরে একটি মজার গল্পের বই পড়ে ফেলেছিল। |
Example 3: Build “He had played football.”
| Step | Sentence | What is Added | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He had played football. | Basic | সে ফুটবল খেলেছিল। |
| 2 | He had played football in the field. | Place | সে মাঠে ফুটবল খেলেছিল। |
| 3 | He had played football in the big field. | Adjective | সে বড় মাঠে ফুটবল খেলেছিল। |
| 4 | He had played football in the big field before sunset. | Time | সূর্যাস্তের আগে সে বড় মাঠে ফুটবল খেলেছিল। |
| 5 | He had played football in the big field with his friends before sunset. | Company | সূর্যাস্তের আগে সে বড় মাঠে তার বন্ধুদের সঙ্গে ফুটবল খেলেছিল। |
Example 4: Build “We had drunk milk.”
| Step | Sentence | What is Added | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | We had drunk milk. | Basic | আমরা দুধ পান করেছিলাম। |
| 2 | We had drunk warm milk. | Adjective | আমরা গরম দুধ পান করেছিলাম। |
| 3 | We had drunk warm milk before breakfast. | Time | আমরা সকালের নাস্তার আগে গরম দুধ পান করেছিলাম। |
| 4 | We had drunk warm milk slowly before breakfast. | Manner | আমরা সকালের নাস্তার আগে ধীরে ধীরে গরম দুধ পান করেছিলাম। |
| 5 | We had drunk warm milk slowly before breakfast with our parents. | Company | আমরা সকালের নাস্তার আগে আমাদের বাবা-মায়ের সঙ্গে ধীরে ধীরে গরম দুধ পান করেছিলাম। |
12. Negative and WH Question Examples
Negative Sentences
| Positive | Negative | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I had eaten rice. | I had not eaten rice. | আমি ভাত খাইনি। |
| She had sung a song. | She had not sung a song. | সে একটি গান গায়নি। |
| He had played football. | He had not played football. | সে ফুটবল খেলেনি। |
| We had watched TV. | We had not watched TV. | আমরা টিভি দেখিনি। |
| They had gone home. | They had not gone home. | তারা বাড়ি যায়নি। |
| The cat had drunk milk. | The cat had not drunk milk. | বিড়ালটি দুধ পান করেনি। |
WH Questions
| WH Question | Bangla Meaning | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| What had you eaten before dinner? | রাতের খাবারের আগে তুমি কী খেয়েছিলে? | I had eaten rice. |
| Where had she gone before school? | স্কুলের আগে সে কোথায় গিয়েছিল? | She had gone to the market. |
| When had they arrived? | তারা কখন পৌঁছেছিল? | They had arrived at noon. |
| Why had he cried? | সে কেন কেঁদেছিল? | He had cried because he was sad. |
| How had you made it? | তুমি এটি কীভাবে বানিয়েছিলে? | I had made it with paper. |
| Which book had you read? | তুমি কোন বই পড়ে ফেলেছিলে? | I had read this storybook. |
| Who had sung this song? | কে এই গানটি গেয়েছিল? | Rina had sung this song. |
13. Exercise Section
Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks with had
- I ______ eaten rice.
- She ______ sung a song.
- He ______ played football.
- We ______ drunk milk.
- They ______ watched TV.
- The cat ______ slept.
- You ______ read a book.
Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks with Past Participle (V3)
Fill in with the correct V3 form of the verb in brackets.
- I had ______ (eat) rice.
- She had ______ (sing) a song.
- He had ______ (play) football.
- We had ______ (drink) milk.
- They had ______ (watch) TV.
- The dog had ______ (bark).
- I had ______ (finish) my work.
Exercise 3: Change Positive to Negative and Interrogative
| Positive | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I had eaten rice. | ||
| She had sung a song. | ||
| He had played football. | ||
| We had drunk milk. | ||
| They had watched TV. |
Exercise 4: Make Sentences Larger Step by Step
Start with “I had eaten rice.” and add words step by step.
Example: I had eaten rice. → I had eaten rice and fish. → I had eaten rice and fish before noon. → I had eaten rice and fish before noon in the kitchen.
Now try with “She had read a book.”
Exercise 5: Match the Subject with the Correct Auxiliary Verb
| Subject | Auxiliary Verb |
|---|---|
| 1. I | a. had |
| 2. She | b. had |
| 3. He | c. had |
| 4. We | d. had |
| 5. They | e. had |
Exercise 6: Write Your Own
Write 5 sentences in Past Perfect Tense about things you had done before yesterday evening. Underline the auxiliary verb and past participle.
14. Answer Key
Exercise 1
- had
- had
- had
- had
- had
- had
- had
Exercise 2
- eaten
- sung
- played
- drunk
- watched
- barked
- finished
Exercise 3
| Positive | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I had eaten rice. | I had not eaten rice. | Had I eaten rice? |
| She had sung a song. | She had not sung a song. | Had she sung a song? |
| He had played football. | He had not played football. | Had he played football? |
| We had drunk milk. | We had not drunk milk. | Had we drunk milk? |
| They had watched TV. | They had not watched TV. | Had they watched TV? |
Exercise 4
(Student’s own answer. Example: She had read a book. → She had read a storybook. → She had read an interesting storybook. → She had read an interesting storybook before bed. → She had read an interesting storybook before bed in her room.)
Exercise 5
1 → a
2 → b
3 → c
4 → d
5 → e
Exercise 6
(Student’s own answer.)
15. Conclusion
Great job, kids! Today you learned Past Perfect Tense. You know that we use it for actions that happened before another past action or time. The structure is Subject + had + past participle (V3). You practiced making positive, negative, and interrogative sentences, built longer sentences step by step, and used phrasal verbs.
Remember:
- Use had with all subjects.
- Use V3 (past participle) of the verb.
- Words like before, after, when, already, just, by often appear with Past Perfect.
Visit ToLearnTeam.com for more fun English grammar lessons.
