ইংরেজি গ্রামারের সবচেয়ে সূক্ষ্ম অথচ সবচেয়ে বেশি ভুল হওয়া বিষয় হলো Subject Verb Agreement Rules। বিশেষত যখন একটি বাক্যে দুইটি Subject থাকে এবং সেগুলো as well as, along with, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor — এই ধরনের Connector দিয়ে যুক্ত হয়। তখন কোন Subject দেখে Verb বসাতে হবে — সেটাই SSC, HSC, Admission এবং Job পরীক্ষার সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ প্রশ্ন।
ToLearnTeam.com-এর এই ব্লগে আমরা শিখব Subject Verb Agreement Rules-এর তিনটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ নিয়ম:
- As well as / Along with / Together with → First Subject Rule
- Not only…but also / Either…or / Neither…nor → Nearest Subject Rule
- Semi-Modal (have to / has to / had to) → V1
সাথে থাকছে ৪০+ বাস্তব উদাহরণ, একটি সহজ Decision Chart, ৮টি Common Mistake এবং ৩টি Responsive SVG Infographic।
চলুন শুরু করি!
Subject Verb Agreement Rules — মূল ধারণা
Subject Verb Agreement কী?
Subject Verb Agreement = বাক্যের Subject-এর Person ও Number অনুযায়ী Verb-কে সঠিক রূপে বসানো।
মূল সূত্র:
Singular Subject → Singular Verb
Plural Subject → Plural Verb
কিন্তু যখন দুইটি Subject Connector দিয়ে যুক্ত হয় — তখন Rule বদলে যায়। এই জায়গাতেই সূক্ষ্ম পার্থক্য তৈরি হয়।
এই ব্লগে শেখার রোডম্যাপ
| # | Rule | Verb Agreement |
|---|---|---|
| ১ | as well as / along with / together with / with / in addition to / including / and not | First Subject |
| ২ | not only…but also / either…or / neither…nor / whether…or | Nearest (Second) Subject |
| ৩ | have to / has to / had to | V1 (Base Form) |
Rule 1 — First Subject Rule (as well as, along with)
মূল নিয়ম
কোনো বাক্যে দুটি Subject যদি as well as, along with, together with, with, in addition to, including, or and not — এই Phrase দিয়ে যুক্ত হয়, তবে Verb সবসময় প্রথম Subject অনুযায়ী নির্ধারিত হয়।
Formula:
Subject 1 + as well as / along with + Subject 2 → Verb = Subject 1 অনুযায়ী
কেন? Phrase-গুলো “and”-এর মতো নয় — তারা Subject-কে Plural করে না।
১০+ বাস্তব উদাহরণ
১.
- I, as well as he, am doing the work.
আমি এবং সে — আমি কাজটি করছি।
→ Verb = am (First Subject “I” অনুযায়ী)
২.
- I, and not you, am guilty.
আমি এবং তুমি নয় — আমি দোষী।
→ Verb = am (First Subject “I”)
৩.
- Rahim, as well as his friends, is present.
রহিম এবং তার বন্ধুরা — রহিম উপস্থিত।
→ Verb = is (First Subject “Rahim” Singular)
৪.
- The teacher, along with the students, was present.
শিক্ষক শিক্ষার্থীদের সাথে — শিক্ষক উপস্থিত ছিলেন।
→ Verb = was
৫.
- Mina, together with her parents, has arrived.
মিনা তার বাবা-মায়ের সাথে — মিনা পৌঁছেছে।
→ Verb = has
৬.
- The manager, accompanied by his team, is visiting the site.
ম্যানেজার তার টিমের সাথে — ম্যানেজার পরিদর্শনে যাচ্ছেন।
→ Verb = is
৭.
- The students, as well as their teacher, were happy.
শিক্ষার্থীরা শিক্ষকের সাথে — শিক্ষার্থীরা খুশি ছিল।
→ Verb = were (First Subject “Students” Plural)
৮.
- My brother, along with my cousins, has gone to Dhaka.
আমার ভাই কাজিনদের সাথে — ভাই ঢাকায় গেছে।
→ Verb = has
৯.
- The CEO, together with his directors, will attend the meeting.
সিইও তার ডিরেক্টরদের সাথে — সিইও মিটিংয়ে যোগ দেবেন।
→ Verb = will attend
১০.
- She, along with her sisters, sings beautifully.
সে তার বোনদের সাথে — সে সুন্দর গায়।
→ Verb = sings
Real-world examples:
- Rahim, as well as Karim, is coming.
- The CEO, along with the managers, was present.
- My father, together with my uncle, has gone to the village.
- The students, including Rahim, are ready.
- Mina, in addition to her friends, has joined the club.
Common Mistakes
❌ ভুল: Rahim, as well as his friends, are present.
✅ সঠিক: Rahim, as well as his friends, is present.
❌ ভুল: The teacher, along with the students, were present.
✅ সঠিক: The teacher, along with the students, was present.
Rule 2 — Nearest Subject Rule (not only…but also)
মূল নিয়ম
যখন দুইটি Subject Not only…but also, Either…or, Neither…nor, Whether…or — এই Correlative Conjunction দিয়ে যুক্ত হয়, তখন Verb সবচেয়ে কাছের (দ্বিতীয়) Subject অনুযায়ী নির্ধারিত হয়।
Formula:
Subject 1 + not only…but also + Subject 2 (Nearest) → Verb = Subject 2 অনুযায়ী
কেন? “Proximity Rule” — Verb তার নিকটতম Subject-এর সাথে Agree করে।
১০+ বাস্তব উদাহরণ
১.
- Not only you but also I am responsible for this.
শুধু তুমি নয়, আমিও এর জন্য দায়ী।
→ Verb = am (Nearest = I)
২.
- Not only Rahim but also his brothers are coming.
শুধু রহিম নয়, তার ভাইয়েরাও আসছে।
→ Verb = are (Nearest = brothers)
৩.
- Either the students or the teacher is present.
হয় শিক্ষার্থীরা, নয় শিক্ষক উপস্থিত।
→ Verb = is (Nearest = teacher)
৪.
- Either the teacher or the students are present.
হয় শিক্ষক, নয় শিক্ষার্থীরা উপস্থিত।
→ Verb = are (Nearest = students)
৫.
- Neither Rahim nor Karim was present.
রহিম এবং করিম কেউই উপস্থিত ছিল না।
→ Verb = was (Nearest = Karim)
৬.
- Neither the students nor the teacher was aware.
শিক্ষার্থীরা এবং শিক্ষক কেউই সচেতন ছিলেন না।
→ Verb = was (Nearest = teacher)
৭.
- Not only Mina but also her parents have arrived.
শুধু মিনা নয়, তার বাবা-মায়েরাও পৌঁছেছেন।
→ Verb = have arrived (Nearest = parents)
৮.
- Either tea or coffee is fine for me.
চা অথবা কফি — যেকোনোটি আমার জন্য ঠিক।
→ Verb = is (Nearest = coffee)
৯.
- Neither you nor he has done the work.
তুমি এবং সে কেউই কাজটি করনি।
→ Verb = has (Nearest = he)
১০.
- Whether you or your brother is going — I don’t know.
তুমি বা তোমার ভাই যাচ্ছো কিনা — আমি জানি না।
→ Verb = is (Nearest = brother)
Real-world examples:
- Not only English but also Bangla is important.
- Either Rahim or his friends have done it.
- Neither the manager nor the employees were informed.
- Not only my friend but also my cousin has called.
Common Mistakes
❌ ভুল: Not only you but also I are responsible.
✅ সঠিক: Not only you but also I am responsible.
❌ ভুল: Either the students or the teacher are present.
✅ সঠিক: Either the students or the teacher is present.
Rule 3 — Semi-Modal Verb + V1
মূল নিয়ম
have to, has to, had to — এই Semi-Modal Verb-এর পরে মূল Verb সবসময় Base Form (V1)।
Formula:
have to / has to / had to + V1 (Base Form)
কেন? Semi-Modal Verbs Modal-এর মতো কাজ করে — Modal + V1 Rule মেনে চলে।
১০+ বাস্তব উদাহরণ
১.
- He has to do the work.
তাকে কাজটি করতে হবে।
→ Verb = do (V1 Base Form)
২.
- I have to submit the report today.
আমাকে আজ রিপোর্ট জমা দিতে হবে।
→ Verb = submit
৩.
- She has to attend the meeting.
তাকে মিটিংয়ে যোগ দিতে হবে।
→ Verb = attend
৪.
- We have to follow the rules.
আমাদের নিয়ম মেনে চলতে হবে।
→ Verb = follow
৫.
- They had to leave early.
তাদের আগে চলে যেতে হয়েছিল।
→ Verb = leave
৬.
- You have to wear a seatbelt.
তোমাকে সিটবেল্ট পরতে হবে।
→ Verb = wear
৭.
- Mina has to cook dinner tonight.
মিনাকে আজ রাতে রাতের খাবার রান্না করতে হবে।
→ Verb = cook
৮.
- We had to wait for two hours.
আমাদের দুই ঘণ্টা অপেক্ষা করতে হয়েছিল।
→ Verb = wait
৯.
- He has to complete the project by Friday.
তাকে শুক্রবারের মধ্যে প্রকল্প শেষ করতে হবে।
→ Verb = complete
১০.
- They have to submit the assignment tomorrow.
তাদের আগামীকাল অ্যাসাইনমেন্ট জমা দিতে হবে।
→ Verb = submit
Real-world examples:
- Students have to wear uniforms.
- You have to recharge your mobile.
- She has to take medicine daily.
- We had to cancel the trip due to rain.
Common Mistakes
❌ ভুল: He has to does the work.
✅ সঠিক: He has to do the work.
❌ ভুল: She has to attends the meeting.
✅ সঠিক: She has to attend the meeting.
❌ ভুল: They had to left early.
✅ সঠিক: They had to leave early.
Subject Verb Agreement Rules — পাশাপাশি তুলনা টেবিল
| Rule | Connector | Verb Agreement | উদাহরণ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rule 1 | as well as · along with · together with · with · and not | First Subject | I, as well as he, am doing |
| Rule 2 | not only…but also · either…or · neither…nor | Nearest Subject | Not only you but also I am |
| Rule 3 | have to · has to · had to | V1 (Base Form) | He has to do the work |
সহজ সূত্র:
- as well as → First Subject
- not only…but also → Nearest Subject
- have to / has to / had to → V1
Subject Verb Agreement Rules — Decision Chart
সেকেন্ডে Subject-Verb Agreement ঠিক করার ৪টি ধাপ
Step 1: বাক্যে দুটি Subject আছে কি?
→ হ্যাঁ → Step 2
→ না → General Rule (Singular → Singular, Plural → Plural)
Step 2: কোন Connector দিয়ে যুক্ত?
- as well as / along with / together with / with / and not → First Subject Rule
- not only…but also / either…or / neither…nor → Nearest Subject Rule
Step 3: Semi-Modal আছে কি?
- হ্যাঁ (have to / has to / had to) → পরের Verb = V1
Step 4: Tag Question বা Relative Clause-এ Agreement?
- Tag → Auxiliary + Pronoun দেখুন
- Relative → Antecedent দেখুন
একটি দৃশ্যপট দিয়ে বোঝা
বাক্য ১: Rahim, as well as his friends, is present.
Step 1: দুইটি Subject আছে — Rahim, his friends।
Step 2: Connector = “as well as” → First Subject Rule।
Step 3: First Subject = Rahim (Singular) → Verb = is।
বাক্য ২: Not only Rahim but also his friends are coming.
Step 1: দুইটি Subject আছে — Rahim, his friends।
Step 2: Connector = “not only…but also” → Nearest Subject Rule।
Step 3: Nearest Subject = his friends (Plural) → Verb = are।
Common Mistakes — যেখানে শিক্ষার্থীরা ভুল করে
❌ ভুল ১: as well as → Second Subject দেখে Verb
- ভুল: Rahim, as well as his friends, are present.
- সঠিক: Rahim, as well as his friends, is present.
❌ ভুল ২: not only…but also → First Subject দেখে Verb
- ভুল: Not only you but also I are responsible.
- সঠিক: Not only you but also I am responsible.
❌ ভুল ৩: Semi-Modal-এর পরে V+s
- ভুল: She has to attends the meeting.
- সঠিক: She has to attend the meeting.
❌ ভুল ৪: Semi-Modal-এর পরে V2
- ভুল: They had to left early.
- সঠিক: They had to leave early.
❌ ভুল ৫: Either…or → First Subject দেখে Verb
- ভুল: Either the students or the teacher are present.
- সঠিক: Either the students or the teacher is present.
❌ ভুল ৬: Neither…nor → Plural দেখে Verb
- ভুল: Neither Rahim nor Karim were present.
- সঠিক: Neither Rahim nor Karim was present.
❌ ভুল ৭: together with → Plural দেখে Verb
- ভুল: Mina, together with her parents, have arrived.
- সঠিক: Mina, together with her parents, has arrived.
❌ ভুল ৮: with → Plural দেখে Verb
- ভুল: The manager, with his team, are visiting.
- সঠিক: The manager, with his team, is visiting.
দৈনন্দিন জীবনে ব্যবহারের পরিস্থিতি
পরিস্থিতি ১ — অফিস
- The manager, as well as the employees, is busy. → First Subject
- Not only the CEO but also the managers are attending. → Nearest Subject
- She has to submit the report today. → Semi-Modal + V1
পরিস্থিতি ২ — ক্লাসরুম
- Rahim, along with his friends, was absent. → First Subject
- Either the teacher or the students are present. → Nearest Subject
- We have to write an essay. → Semi-Modal + V1
পরিস্থিতি ৩ — পারিবারিক
- Mina, together with her cousins, has arrived. → First Subject
- Not only my brother but also my sisters have come. → Nearest Subject
- I have to cook dinner tonight. → Semi-Modal + V1
পরিস্থিতি ৪ — ট্রাভেল
- The guide, with the tourists, is waiting. → First Subject
- Either the bus or the train is late. → Nearest Subject
- They had to cancel the trip. → Semi-Modal + V1
পরিস্থিতি ৫ — সোশ্যাল মিডিয়া
- Not only Facebook but also Instagram is popular. → Nearest Subject
- My friend, along with his brother, has gone viral. → First Subject
- We have to post regularly. → Semi-Modal + V1
Subject Verb Agreement Rules — Quick Summary
এক লাইনে সারসংক্ষেপ:
Rule 1: as well as / along with / together with / with → First Subject Rule
Rule 2: not only…but also / either…or / neither…nor → Nearest Subject Rule
Rule 3: have to / has to / had to → V1 (Base Form)
সহজ সূত্র:
- as well as → First Subject দেখুন
- not only…but also → Nearest Subject দেখুন
- have to / has to / had to → V1 বসান
Practice Exercise — নিজে চেষ্টা করুন
নিচের বাক্যে সঠিক Verb Form বসান:
- I, as well as he, ___ (be) doing the work. → am
- I, and not you, ___ (be) guilty. → am
- Rahim, as well as his friends, ___ (be) present. → is
- The teacher, along with the students, ___ (be) present. → was
- Mina, together with her parents, ___ (have) arrived. → has
- Not only you but also I ___ (be) responsible. → am
- Not only Rahim but also his brothers ___ (be) coming. → are
- Either the students or the teacher ___ (be) present. → is
- Neither Rahim nor Karim ___ (be) present. → was
- He has to ___ (do) the work. → do
- She has to ___ (attend) the meeting. → attend
- They had to ___ (leave) early. → leave
Video-এর Hero Examples:
① I, as well as he, am doing the work.
② I, and not you, am guilty.
③ Not only you but also I am responsible for this.
④ He has to do the work.
Conclusion & ToLearnTeam CTA
Subject Verb Agreement Rules এখন আপনার কাছে স্পষ্ট। এই তিনটি নিয়ম —
- as well as / along with → First Subject Rule
- not only…but also / either…or → Nearest Subject Rule
- have to / has to / had to → V1
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