1. Introduction
প্রিয় শিক্ষার্থী, আজ আমরা ইংরেজি ব্যাকরণের আরও একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Tense শিখব—Present Perfect Tense (পুরাঘটিত বর্তমান কাল)। এই Tense দিয়ে বোঝানো হয় কোনো কাজ এই মাত্র শেষ হয়েছে বা অতীতে শুরু হয়ে এখনও শেষ হয়নি এমন কাজ। যেমন:
- I have eaten rice. – আমি ভাত খেয়েছি।
- She has finished her homework. – সে তার বাড়ির কাজ শেষ করেছে।
- They have gone to school. – তারা স্কুলে গেছে।
এই ক্লাসে তোমরা Present Perfect Tense-এর গঠন, ব্যবহার, positive, negative, interrogative বাক্য, ধাপে ধাপে বড় বাক্য তৈরি, phrasal verb এবং মজার exercise শিখবে।
Hello, kids! Welcome to ToLearnTeam.com. Today’s topic is Present Perfect Tense. You will learn how to talk about actions that just finished or have a connection to now, make positive, negative, and interrogative sentences, build longer sentences step by step, and practice with fun exercises.
2. Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
- Understand what Present Perfect Tense is.
- Know its structure: Subject + have/has + past participle (V3).
- Make Positive, Negative, and Interrogative sentences.
- Use have/has correctly with different subjects.
- Use past participles of common verbs.
- Build longer sentences by adding objects, places, time, and company.
- Learn 30 daily life examples with Bangla meaning and pronunciation.
- Practice with fun exercises.
3. What is Present Perfect Tense?
Present Perfect Tense (পুরাঘটিত বর্তমান কাল) is used for:
- Actions that just finished.
- Actions that started in the past and are still relevant now.
- Life experiences.
Examples:
| Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| I have eaten rice. | আমি ভাত খেয়েছি। |
| She has finished her work. | সে তার কাজ শেষ করেছে। |
| He has played football. | সে ফুটবল খেলেছে। |
| We have drunk milk. | আমরা দুধ পান করেছি। |
| They have watched TV. | তারা টিভি দেখেছে। |
Important:
- Use have with I, You, We, They.
- Use has with He, She, It.
- Use past participle (V3) of the main verb.
4. Structure of Present Perfect Tense
Rule 1: Positive Sentence (Affirmative)
Subject + have/has + past participle (V3) + Object/Complement
| Subject | Auxiliary | Past Participle | Object | Full Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | have | eaten | rice | I have eaten rice. | আমি ভাত খেয়েছি। |
| You | have | finished | homework | You have finished homework. | তুমি বাড়ির কাজ শেষ করেছ। |
| He | has | played | football | He has played football. | সে ফুটবল খেলেছে। |
| She | has | sung | a song | She has sung a song. | সে একটি গান গেয়েছে। |
| It | has | drunk | milk | It has drunk milk. | এটি দুধ পান করেছে। |
| We | have | watched | TV | We have watched TV. | আমরা টিভি দেখেছি। |
| They | have | gone | home | They have gone home. | তারা বাড়ি গেছে। |
Rule 2: Negative Sentence
Subject + have/has + not + past participle (V3) + Object
| Positive | Negative | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I have eaten rice. | I have not eaten rice. | আমি ভাত খাইনি। |
| She has finished her work. | She has not finished her work. | সে তার কাজ শেষ করেনি। |
| He has played football. | He has not played football. | সে ফুটবল খেলেনি। |
| We have drunk milk. | We have not drunk milk. | আমরা দুধ পান করিনি। |
| They have watched TV. | They have not watched TV. | তারা টিভি দেখেনি। |
Rule 3: Interrogative Sentence
Have/Has + Subject + past participle (V3) + Object + ?
| Interrogative | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| Have I eaten rice? | আমি কি ভাত খেয়েছি? |
| Has she finished her work? | সে কি তার কাজ শেষ করেছে? |
| Has he played football? | সে কি ফুটবল খেলেছে? |
| Have we drunk milk? | আমরা কি দুধ পান করেছি? |
| Have they watched TV? | তারা কি টিভি দেখেছে? |
Rule 4: Interrogative-Negative Sentence
Have/Has + Subject + not + past participle + Object + ? or Haven’t/Hasn’t + Subject + past participle + Object + ?
| Interrogative-Negative | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| Have you not eaten rice? / Haven’t you eaten rice? | তুমি কি ভাত খাওনি? |
| Has she not finished? / Hasn’t she finished? | সে কি শেষ করেনি? |
| Have they not gone? / Haven’t they gone? | তারা কি যায়নি? |
5. Uses of Present Perfect Tense
We use Present Perfect Tense for:
5.1 Just finished actions (এই মাত্র শেষ হওয়া কাজ)
| Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| I have just eaten rice. | আমি এই মাত্র ভাত খেয়েছি। |
| She has just come home. | সে এই মাত্র বাড়ি এসেছে। |
| He has just finished his homework. | সে এই মাত্র তার বাড়ির কাজ শেষ করেছে। |
5.2 Life experiences (জীবনের অভিজ্ঞতা)
| Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| I have visited the zoo. | আমি চিড়িয়াখানা দেখেছি। |
| She has seen this movie. | সে এই সিনেমাটি দেখেছে। |
| They have been to Dhaka. | তারা ঢাকায় গেছে। |
5.3 Actions with result now (ফল এখন বিদ্যমান)
| Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| He has lost his pen. | সে তার কলম হারিয়েছে। |
| She has broken the glass. | সে গ্লাসটি ভেঙেছে। |
| I have finished my meal. | আমি আমার খাবার শেষ করেছি। |
6. Positive, Negative, Interrogative Sentences
Here you will learn the three forms with examples.
Positive
| Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| I have eaten rice. | আমি ভাত খেয়েছি। |
| You have read a book. | তুমি একটি বই পড়েছ। |
| He has played football. | সে ফুটবল খেলেছে। |
| She has sung a song. | সে একটি গান গেয়েছে। |
| It has drunk milk. | এটি দুধ পান করেছে। |
| We have watched TV. | আমরা টিভি দেখেছি। |
| They have gone home. | তারা বাড়ি গেছে। |
Negative
| Positive | Negative | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I have eaten rice. | I have not eaten rice. | আমি ভাত খাইনি। |
| You have read a book. | You have not read a book. | তুমি একটি বই পড়োনি। |
| He has played football. | He has not played football. | সে ফুটবল খেলেনি। |
| She has sung a song. | She has not sung a song. | সে একটি গান গায়নি। |
| It has drunk milk. | It has not drunk milk. | এটি দুধ পান করেনি। |
| We have watched TV. | We have not watched TV. | আমরা টিভি দেখিনি। |
| They have gone home. | They have not gone home. | তারা বাড়ি যায়নি। |
Interrogative
| Interrogative | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|
| Have I eaten rice? | আমি কি ভাত খেয়েছি? |
| Have you read a book? | তুমি কি একটি বই পড়েছ? |
| Has he played football? | সে কি ফুটবল খেলেছে? |
| Has she sung a song? | সে কি একটি গান গেয়েছে? |
| Has it drunk milk? | এটি কি দুধ পান করেছে? |
| Have we watched TV? | আমরা কি টিভি দেখেছি? |
| Have they gone home? | তারা কি বাড়ি গেছে? |
7. Present Perfect vs Past Simple vs Future Perfect
It is helpful to compare Present Perfect with other related tenses.
| Tense | Structure | Example | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present Perfect | Subject + have/has + V3 | I have eaten rice. | আমি ভাত খেয়েছি। |
| Past Simple | Subject + V2 | I ate rice. | আমি ভাত খেয়েছিলাম। |
| Future Perfect | Subject + will have + V3 | I will have eaten rice. | আমি ভাত খেয়ে ফেলব। |
Difference:
- Present Perfect: Action has a connection to now.
- Past Simple: Action finished at a specific time in the past.
- Future Perfect: Action will be completed before a future time.
Examples:
| Tense | Positive | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present Perfect | She has eaten. | She has not eaten. | Has she eaten? |
| Past Simple | She ate. | She did not eat. | Did she eat? |
| Future Perfect | She will have eaten. | She will not have eaten. | Will she have eaten? |
8. 30 Daily Life Examples with Bangla Meaning
Here are 30 daily life examples in Present Perfect Tense. Each has Bangla meaning.
| # | Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I have eaten rice. | আমি ভাত খেয়েছি। |
| 2 | I have drunk milk. | আমি দুধ পান করেছি। |
| 3 | I have finished my homework. | আমি আমার বাড়ির কাজ শেষ করেছি। |
| 4 | I have read this book. | আমি এই বইটি পড়েছি। |
| 5 | I have brushed my teeth. | আমি দাঁত ব্রাশ করেছি। |
| 6 | You have played football. | তুমি ফুটবল খেলেছ। |
| 7 | You have watched TV. | তুমি টিভি দেখেছ। |
| 8 | She has sung a beautiful song. | সে একটি সুন্দর গান গেয়েছে। |
| 9 | She has cooked food. | সে খাবার রান্না করেছে। |
| 10 | She has watered the plants. | সে গাছে পানি দিয়েছে। |
| 11 | He has played cricket. | সে ক্রিকেট খেলেছে। |
| 12 | He has ridden a bicycle. | সে সাইকেল চালিয়েছে। |
| 13 | He has written a letter. | সে একটি চিঠি লিখেছে। |
| 14 | It has drunk milk. | এটি দুধ পান করেছে। |
| 15 | The cat has slept under the table. | বিড়ালটি টেবিলের নিচে ঘুমিয়েছে। |
| 16 | The dog has barked loudly. | কুকুরটি জোরে ঘেউ ঘেউ করেছে। |
| 17 | The sun has risen. | সূর্য উঠেছে। |
| 18 | The birds have flown away. | পাখিরা উড়ে গেছে। |
| 19 | We have drunk milk. | আমরা দুধ পান করেছি। |
| 20 | We have cleaned the house. | আমরা ঘর পরিষ্কার করেছি। |
| 21 | We have played in the park. | আমরা পার্কে খেলেছি। |
| 22 | They have watched TV. | তারা টিভি দেখেছে। |
| 23 | They have gone to school. | তারা স্কুলে গেছে। |
| 24 | My mother has cooked delicious food. | আমার মা সুস্বাদু খাবার রান্না করেছেন। |
| 25 | My father has read the newspaper. | আমার বাবা খবরের কাগজ পড়েছেন। |
| 26 | My sister has drawn a picture. | আমার বোন একটি ছবি এঁকেছে। |
| 27 | My brother has slept. | আমার ভাই ঘুমিয়েছে। |
| 28 | The teacher has spoken English. | শিক্ষক ইংরেজি বলেছেন। |
| 29 | The baby has cried. | শিশুটি কেঁদেছে। |
| 30 | I have not eaten rice yet. | আমি এখনো ভাত খাইনি। |
9. Word Power: Meaning & Bangla Pronunciation
Here is vocabulary related to Present Perfect Tense.
| English Word | Part of Speech | Bangla Meaning | Pronunciation (Bangla) |
|---|---|---|---|
| have | Auxiliary Verb | আছে/করেছি | হ্যাভ |
| has | Auxiliary Verb | আছে/করেছে | হ্যাজ |
| not | Adverb | না | নট |
| eaten | Verb (V3) | খেয়েছে | ইটেন |
| drunk | Verb (V3) | পান করেছে | ড্রাংক |
| played | Verb (V3) | খেলেছে | প্লেড |
| read | Verb (V3) | পড়েছে | রেড |
| sung | Verb (V3) | গেয়েছে | সাং |
| cooked | Verb (V3) | রান্না করেছে | কুকড |
| watched | Verb (V3) | দেখেছে | ওয়াচড |
| written | Verb (V3) | লিখেছে | রিটেন |
| ridden | Verb (V3) | চালিয়েছে | রিডেন |
| watered | Verb (V3) | পানি দিয়েছে | ওয়াটারড |
| drawn | Verb (V3) | এঁকেছে | ড্রন |
| slept | Verb (V3) | ঘুমিয়েছে | স্লেপ্ট |
| barked | Verb (V3) | ঘেউ ঘেউ করেছে | বার্কড |
| risen | Verb (V3) | উঠেছে | রিজেন |
| flown | Verb (V3) | উড়েছে | ফ্লোন |
| cleaned | Verb (V3) | পরিষ্কার করেছে | ক্লিনড |
| gone | Verb (V3) | গেছে | গন |
| cried | Verb (V3) | কেঁদেছে | ক্রাইড |
| spoken | Verb (V3) | বলেছে | স্পোকেন |
| finished | Verb (V3) | শেষ করেছে | ফিনিশড |
| done | Verb (V3) | করেছে | ডান |
| homework | Noun | বাড়ির কাজ | হোমওয়ার্ক |
| book | Noun | বই | বুক |
| rice | Noun | ভাত | রাইস |
| milk | Noun | দুধ | মিল্ক |
| football | Noun | ফুটবল | ফুটবল |
| cricket | Noun | ক্রিকেট | ক্রিকেট |
| TV | Noun | টিভি | টিভি |
| song | Noun | গান | সং |
| letter | Noun | চিঠি | লেটার |
| bicycle | Noun | সাইকেল | বাইসাইকেল |
| plants | Noun | গাছ | প্ল্যান্টস |
| cat | Noun | বিড়াল | ক্যাট |
| dog | Noun | কুকুর | ডগ |
| sun | Noun | সূর্য | সান |
| birds | Noun | পাখি | বার্ডস |
| school | Noun | স্কুল | স্কুল |
| house | Noun | ঘর | হাউস |
| park | Noun | পার্ক | পার্ক |
| mother | Noun | মা | মাদার |
| father | Noun | বাবা | ফাদার |
| sister | Noun | বোন | সিস্টার |
| brother | Noun | ভাই | ব্রাদার |
| teacher | Noun | শিক্ষক | টিচার |
| baby | Noun | শিশু | বেবি |
| just | Adverb | এই মাত্র | জাস্ট |
| yet | Adverb | এখনো | ইয়েট |
| already | Adverb | ইতিমধ্যে | অলরেডি |
10. Phrasal Verbs in Present Perfect Tense
Phrasal verbs can be used in Present Perfect. Here are useful examples.
| Phrasal Verb | Bangla Meaning | Example Sentence | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| wake up | ঘুম থেকে ওঠা | I have woken up. | আমি ঘুম থেকে উঠেছি। |
| get up | বিছানা ছেড়ে ওঠা | She has got up early. | সে তাড়াতাড়ি বিছানা ছেড়ে উঠেছে। |
| sit down | বসা | They have sat down. | তারা বসেছে। |
| stand up | দাঁড়ানো | He has stood up. | সে দাঁড়িয়েছে। |
| put on | পরা | She has put on her shoes. | সে তার জুতা পরেছে। |
| take off | খোলা | He has taken off his hat. | সে তার টুপি খুলেছে। |
| turn on | চালু করা | Father has turned on the fan. | বাবা ফ্যান চালু করেছেন। |
| turn off | বন্ধ করা | Mother has turned off the TV. | মা টিভি বন্ধ করেছেন। |
| look for | খোঁজা | I have looked for my pencil. | আমি আমার পেন্সিল খুঁজেছি। |
| look after | যত্ন নেওয়া | She has looked after her brother. | সে তার ভাইয়ের যত্ন নিয়েছে। |
| pick up | কুড়িয়ে নেওয়া | He has picked up the ball. | সে বলটি কুড়িয়ে নিয়েছে। |
| clean up | পরিষ্কার করা | We have cleaned up the room. | আমরা ঘর পরিষ্কার করেছি। |
| give up | ছেড়ে দেওয়া | She has given up junk food. | সে জাঙ্ক ফুড ছেড়ে দিয়েছে। |
| come back | ফিরে আসা | He has come back home. | সে বাড়ি ফিরে এসেছে। |
| go out | বাইরে যাওয়া | They have gone out to play. | তারা বাইরে খেলতে গেছে। |
11. Make Sentences Larger Step by Step
Kids can make Present Perfect sentences larger by adding extra objects, places, time, and company.
Example 1: Build “I have eaten rice.”
| Step | Sentence | What is Added | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I have eaten rice. | Basic | আমি ভাত খেয়েছি। |
| 2 | I have eaten rice and fish. | Extra object | আমি ভাত ও মাছ খেয়েছি। |
| 3 | I have eaten rice and fish just now. | Time | আমি এই মাত্র ভাত ও মাছ খেয়েছি। |
| 4 | I have eaten rice and fish just now in the kitchen. | Place | আমি এই মাত্র রান্নাঘরে ভাত ও মাছ খেয়েছি। |
| 5 | I have eaten rice and fish just now in the kitchen with my family. | Company | আমি এই মাত্র রান্নাঘরে আমার পরিবারের সঙ্গে ভাত ও মাছ খেয়েছি। |
Word-by-word meaning for Step 5:
| Word | Bangla Meaning | Pronunciation (Bangla) |
|---|---|---|
| I | আমি | আই |
| have | করেছি (auxiliary) | হ্যাভ |
| eaten | খেয়েছি (V3) | ইটেন |
| rice | ভাত | রাইস |
| and | এবং | অ্যান্ড |
| fish | মাছ | ফিশ |
| just now | এই মাত্র | জাস্ট নাউ |
| in | এ/তে | ইন |
| the | টি | দি |
| kitchen | রান্নাঘর | কিচেন |
| with | সঙ্গে | উইথ |
| my | আমার | মাই |
| family | পরিবার | ফ্যামিলি |
Example 2: Build “She has read a book.”
| Step | Sentence | What is Added | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She has read a book. | Basic | সে একটি বই পড়েছে। |
| 2 | She has read a storybook. | Specific object | সে একটি গল্পের বই পড়েছে। |
| 3 | She has read an interesting storybook. | Adjective | সে একটি মজার গল্পের বই পড়েছে। |
| 4 | She has read an interesting storybook at night. | Time | সে রাতে একটি মজার গল্পের বই পড়েছে। |
| 5 | She has read an interesting storybook at night in her room. | Place | সে রাতে তার ঘরে একটি মজার গল্পের বই পড়েছে। |
Example 3: Build “He has played football.”
| Step | Sentence | What is Added | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He has played football. | Basic | সে ফুটবল খেলেছে। |
| 2 | He has played football in the field. | Place | সে মাঠে ফুটবল খেলেছে। |
| 3 | He has played football in the big field. | Adjective | সে বড় মাঠে ফুটবল খেলেছে। |
| 4 | He has played football in the big field this afternoon. | Time | সে আজ বিকেলে বড় মাঠে ফুটবল খেলেছে। |
| 5 | He has played football in the big field this afternoon with his friends. | Company | সে আজ বিকেলে বড় মাঠে তার বন্ধুদের সঙ্গে ফুটবল খেলেছে। |
Example 4: Build “We have drunk milk.”
| Step | Sentence | What is Added | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | We have drunk milk. | Basic | আমরা দুধ পান করেছি। |
| 2 | We have drunk warm milk. | Adjective | আমরা গরম দুধ পান করেছি। |
| 3 | We have drunk warm milk this morning. | Time | আমরা আজ সকালে গরম দুধ পান করেছি। |
| 4 | We have drunk warm milk slowly this morning. | Manner | আমরা আজ সকালে ধীরে ধীরে গরম দুধ পান করেছি। |
| 5 | We have drunk warm milk slowly this morning with our parents. | Company | আমরা আজ সকালে আমাদের বাবা-মায়ের সঙ্গে ধীরে ধীরে গরম দুধ পান করেছি। |
12. Negative and WH Question Examples
Negative Sentences
| Positive | Negative | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I have eaten rice. | I have not eaten rice. | আমি ভাত খাইনি। |
| She has sung a song. | She has not sung a song. | সে একটি গান গায়নি। |
| He has played football. | He has not played football. | সে ফুটবল খেলেনি। |
| We have watched TV. | We have not watched TV. | আমরা টিভি দেখিনি। |
| They have gone home. | They have not gone home. | তারা বাড়ি যায়নি। |
| The cat has drunk milk. | The cat has not drunk milk. | বিড়ালটি দুধ পান করেনি। |
WH Questions
| WH Question | Bangla Meaning | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| What have you eaten? | তুমি কী খেয়েছ? | I have eaten rice. |
| Where has she gone? | সে কোথায় গেছে? | She has gone to school. |
| When have they come? | তারা কখন এসেছে? | They have come just now. |
| Why has he cried? | সে কেন কেঁদেছে? | He has cried because he is sad. |
| How have you done this? | তুমি এটি কীভাবে করেছ? | I have done it with help. |
| Which book have you read? | তুমি কোন বই পড়েছ? | I have read this storybook. |
| Who has sung this song? | কে এই গানটি গেয়েছে? | Rina has sung this song. |
13. Exercise Section
Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks with have/has
- I ______ eaten rice.
- She ______ sung a song.
- He ______ played football.
- We ______ drunk milk.
- They ______ watched TV.
- The cat ______ slept.
- You ______ read a book.
Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks with Past Participle (V3)
Fill in with the correct V3 form of the verb in brackets.
- I have ______ (eat) rice.
- She has ______ (sing) a song.
- He has ______ (play) football.
- We have ______ (drink) milk.
- They have ______ (watch) TV.
- The dog has ______ (bark).
- I have ______ (finish) my work.
Exercise 3: Change Positive to Negative and Interrogative
| Positive | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I have eaten rice. | ||
| She has sung a song. | ||
| He has played football. | ||
| We have drunk milk. | ||
| They have watched TV. |
Exercise 4: Make Sentences Larger Step by Step
Start with “I have eaten rice.” and add words step by step.
Example: I have eaten rice. → I have eaten rice and fish. → I have eaten rice and fish just now. → I have eaten rice and fish just now in the kitchen.
Now try with “She has read a book.”
Exercise 5: Match the Subject with Correct Auxiliary Verb
| Subject | Auxiliary Verb |
|---|---|
| 1. I | a. has |
| 2. She | b. have |
| 3. He | c. have |
| 4. We | d. has |
| 5. They | e. have |
Exercise 6: Write Your Own
Write 5 sentences in Present Perfect Tense about things you have done today. Underline the auxiliary verb and past participle.
14. Answer Key
Exercise 1
- have
- has
- has
- have
- have
- has
- have
Exercise 2
- eaten
- sung
- played
- drunk
- watched
- barked
- finished
Exercise 3
| Positive | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I have eaten rice. | I have not eaten rice. | Have I eaten rice? |
| She has sung a song. | She has not sung a song. | Has she sung a song? |
| He has played football. | He has not played football. | Has he played football? |
| We have drunk milk. | We have not drunk milk. | Have we drunk milk? |
| They have watched TV. | They have not watched TV. | Have they watched TV? |
Exercise 4
(Student’s own answer. Example: She has read a book. → She has read a storybook. → She has read an interesting storybook. → She has read an interesting storybook at night. → She has read an interesting storybook at night in her room.)
Exercise 5
1 → b
2 → a
3 → d
4 → c
5 → e
Exercise 6
(Student’s own answer.)
15. Conclusion
Great job, kids! Today you learned Present Perfect Tense. You know that we use it for actions that just finished or have a result now. The structure is Subject + have/has + past participle (V3). You practiced making positive, negative, and interrogative sentences, built longer sentences step by step, and used phrasal verbs.
Remember:
- Use have with I/you/we/they, has with he/she/it.
- Use V3 (past participle) of the verb.
- Words like just, already, yet often appear with Present Perfect.
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